Mars Global Surveyor

[ekoplaneta]

Dwadzieścia lat temu 7 listopada 1996 ku Marsowi wyruszyła, pierwsza od lat sonda Mars Global Surveyor



cdn. 

[Orionid]

A po prawie 10 latach 2 listopada 2006 odebrano ostatni sygnał z sondy  wkrótce po kolejnym przedłużeniu misji.
Ponad 212 000 zdjęć MGS przesłała na Ziemię.

05.11.2006 Wykryto słabe sygnały wskazujące, że statek kosmiczny oczekuje na instrukcje.
Sygnał urwał się tego samego dnia.

All-Round View of the Red Planet: 20 Years Since the Launch of Mars Global Surveyor
by Ben Evans november 7, 2016

(...) Yet another two-year mission extension got underway in October 2006, but sadly Global Surveyor’s days were numbered. A month later, just days before the 10th anniversary of its launch, commands were transmitted to maneuver its solar arrays, but the spacecraft reported an error with one of its motors. On-board software transferred to a backup motor controller, but a two-day break in communication occurred on 3-4 November. Contact was re-established briefly on the 5th, during four different orbits, but no data was returned. Global Surveyor had placed itself into “safe mode” and its survival and resumption of operations depended upon restoring normal communications.

However, no further contact was established with the spacecraft, and in January 2007 NASA declared the mission to be at an end. An internal agency review found that Global Surveyor had most likely succumbed to a battery failure, triggered by a complex sequence of events involving its on-board computer memory and ground-issued commands. It was determined that depleted batteries and improper orientation of its antenna probably led to a loss of orientation control and an inability to communicate with Earth. The loss was a disappointing end to a spectacular mission which had operated longer at Mars than any previous spacecraft and which had continued to return valuable scientific data for more than four times longer than intended. (...)

“In some aspects, we now have better maps of Mars than we do of Earth,” exulted Project Scientist Arden Albee of California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., speaking at the end of the two-year mapping phase in January 2001. By this stage, Global Surveyor had circled Mars 8,505 times and acquired more than 58,000 images, as well as 490 million laser-altimetry readings and 97 million spectral measurements.
http://www.americaspace.com/?p=96138

Report Reveals Likely Causes of Mars Spacecraft Loss
April 13, 2007

After studying Mars four times as long as originally planned, NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter appears to have succumbed to battery failure caused by a complex sequence of events involving the onboard computer memory and ground commands. (...)
http://mars.nasa.gov/mgs/newsroom/20070413a.html

http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/msss/camera/images/dec00_seds/8N7W/index.html

EDIT 23.11.2023
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1720232594476831067

On #TDIH in 2006, the Mars Global Surveyor made its last contact with Earth.
During its nine years observing Mars, the spacecraft studied the entire Martian surface, atmosphere, and interior—showing us that the planet has a history of seasonal and long-term change.

[Orionid]

20 lat temu, 11.09.1997, MGS został wprowadzony na orbitę wokół Czerwonej Planety. Stał się pierwszym orbiterem Marsa od czasu Vikingów.   
'Sustained Program of Exploration': 20 Years Since the Arrival of the Mars Global Surveyor
By Ben Evans September 17th, 2017

Twenty years ago, this week, NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor settled into orbit around the Red Planet, to begin what NASA described as “a sustained program of exploration” of our third-closest celestial neighbour after the Moon and Venus. Its arrival came just a few weeks after the arrival of Pathfinder—and the Sojourner rover—and signaled a remarkable shift in U.S. space policy, as an unbroken period of study of Mars study got underway. Two decades later, although Global Surveyor has long since ceased to function, that period of study continued unabated, with missions in orbit and on the ground and many more waiting in the wings for launch in the coming years. Its success today seems all the more remarkable, for the spacecraft suffered a potentially life-limiting series of problems, within hours of launch. (...)

The arrays, each of which included a Kapton flap at its tip for added drag, were expected to slow the spacecraft by 2,684 mph (4,320 km/h) during a four-month “aerobraking” phase to reduce its orbit from a highly elliptical path into a near-circular one. During the transit to Mars, engineers developed a new solar array configuration to complete the maneuver.                        On 11 September 1997, the spacecraft’s engine fired for 22 minutes to enter a highly elliptical orbit around Mars, with an apoapsis of 33,570 miles (54,026 km) over the southern hemisphere and a periapsis of 163 miles (262 km) over the northern hemisphere. (...)

https://mars.nasa.gov/mgs/

20 Years of Continuous Operations at Mars
Sept. 12, 2017

On September 12, 1997, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) entered an elliptical orbit around Mars, beginning a 20-year period of continuous robotic scientific exploration at the Red Planet. (...)
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/20-years-of-continuous-operations-at-mars
https://mars.nasa.gov/MPF/martianchronicle/martianchron8/mgs.html
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mgsarriv.pdf
https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/past/globalsurveyor/

EDIT 14.09.2023)

On Sept. 11, 1997, NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft reached @NASAMars & operated there for more than 9 years, returning valuable data & images that changed scientific understanding of Mars.
More in This Month in @NASAhistory: A Closer Look at Mars: https://go.nasa.gov/44Rdp1J

Kod: [Zaznacz]

https://twitter.com/NASA_APPEL/status/1702028942738141664https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-global-surveyor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor

[kanarkusmaximus]

I od tego czasu na orbicie wokół Marsa krąży zawsze coś działającego i badającego Czerwoną Planetę. Mam nadzieję, że tak będzie przez dekady, bez żadnych przerw!

[Orionid]

Czyli przez 1/3 czasu trwania ery kosmicznej jesteśmy już ciągle na Marsie 
A misja sondy Cassini  trwała przez taki sam czas z teraźniejszego punktu widzenia.

[Orionid]

Przerwa w stałym monitorowaniu Marsa mogłaby być ze szkodą dla uchwycenia zmian  i wydarzeń rzadkich.


Three wide angle views taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor at intervals approximately one Mars year apart show similar spiral dust clouds over a volcano named Arsia Mons. The upper-left image was taken on June 19, 2001, the first day of southern winter on Mars. The upper-center image was taken on April 24, 2003, in late southern autumn on Mars. The upper-right image was taken on Feb. 25, 2005, slightly earlier in late southern autumn on Mars.

https://www.nasa.gov/ision/universe/solarsystem/mgs-092005-imagesb.html#.WcIxorKrTcd

[ekoplaneta]

Orionidzie dziękuję za przypomnienie 20 rocznicy orbitacji MGS  Pamiętam 1997 rok, lądowanie Pathfindera, orbitację MGS i start Cassiniego  Jak te lata lecą... W 1997 roku wydawało się realne, że w 2018 roku ludzie polecą na Marsa...

[Orionid]

Rozczarowanie przyszłością jest bardziej powszechne:

[Orionid]

Wg hipotezy to skondensowany dwutlenek węgla znajdujący się w skorupie marsjańskiej jest odpowiedzialny za ukształtowanie kanałów  i dolin na powierzchni Czerwonej Planety.
Do wysunięcia hipotezy posłużyły dane zebrane przez MOLA (Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter).
Na ich podstawie zostały opracowane profile wysokościowe dorzecza Hellas.

New Theory Cuts into Martian Water Hypothesis
12 March 2002 (source: American Geophysical Union)

(...) Tanaka and his colleagues propose a "magmatic erosion model" to explain the features of the volcanic areas of Malea and Hesperia Plana, suggesting that they underwent catastrophic erosion associated with explosive eruptions of molten rock. They suggest that liquid in the Martian crust was heated when molten rock, or magma, rose to the surface. As the liquid was heated, it expanded, until the pressure of overlying material was too great, and an explosive eruption occurred, shattering overlying rock, and causing it to move with the magma in an erosive debris flow. (...)

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/2002/03/12/new-theory-cuts-into-martian-water-hypothesis
https://attic.gsfc.nasa.gov/mola/

[ekoplaneta]

22 lata temu 7 listopada 1996 r. Mars Global Surveyor wystartował w kierunku Marsa! Pamiętam jak w Wiedzy i Życiu w numerach około połówki dekady lat 90-tych rozpisywano się o starcie tej sondy. Był to pierwszy po tajemniczej awarii Mars Observera orbiter NASA przygotowywany do startu w kierunku Czerwonej Planety! Kilka tygodni po MGS wystartował Mars Pathfinder! Powoli rozpoczynała się nowa złota era badań Marsa, która trwa do dziś!

https://www.space.com/39251-on-this-day-in-space.html

[ekoplaneta]

Dziś 26 rocznica startu sondy Mars Global Surveyor

https://www.space.com/39251-on-this-day-in-space.html

[Orionid]

20 lat temu, 08.05.2003, sonda wykonała poniższe zdjęcie Ziemi i Księżyca z orbity wokół Marsa.

Mars Global Surveyor captured this photo of the Earth and our Moon from Mars orbit #20YearsAgo today in 2003. It was the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that shows our home as a planetary disk!

Kod: [Zaznacz]

https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1655611017299107840https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasacommons/albums/72157625096855580
https://www.universetoday.com/8561/mars-global-surveyor-snaps-a-picture-of-earth/