Autor Wątek: Pierwszy Amerykanin na orbicie (John Glenn) - w kosmosie 36 lat później  (Przeczytany 6013 razy)

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Offline Hermes

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Witam,

  historia lotu pierwszego amerykańskiego astronauty, który w 1962 roku okrążył Ziemię (3 razy) - Johna Glenna jest znana i nie będę tu dublował znanych faktów (a może ktoś to poda ?).

  Jest obecnie najstarszym człowiekiem, który poleciał w kosmos - po raz drugi ponad 36 lat później, na przełomie października i listopada 1998 roku, na pokładzie promu "Discovery". Miał wtedy 77 lat !!  :o
  Jako ciekawostkę dodam, że przydzielono mu funkcję "specjalisty ładunku", a tym ładunkiem był... on sam...  Wykonywał na sobie wiele eksperymentów medycznych. O ile wiem, zniósł tę podróż lepiej, niż sądzili niektórzy pesymiści w NASA.

  Nasza prasa informowała o tym locie stosunkowo obszernie.  Oto dwa zdjęcia - reprodukcje "Życia Warszawy" informującego o początku wyprawy Johna Glenna:

Offline Orionid

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A dziś mija 55 lat od pierwszego lotu Amerykanina na orbitę. Tylko dziś jest to pierwsza rocznica, której John Glenn nie świętuje.

'Zero-G and I Feel Fine': Remembering John Glenn's Mercury Flight
By Ben Evans February 18th, 2017


John Glenn inspects the logo for his craft, Friendship 7. Photo Credit: NASA

“The Atlas’ thrust was barely enough to overcome its weight,” he wrote in his autobiography, John Glenn: A Memoir. “I wasn’t really off until the umbilical cord that took electrical communications to the base of the rocket pulled loose. That was my last connection with Earth. It took the two boosters and the sustainer engine three seconds of fire and thunder to lift the thing that far. From where I sat, the rise seemed ponderous and stately, as if the rocket were an elephant trying to become a ballerina.” For the first few seconds, the Atlas climbed straight up, before its automatic guidance system placed it carefully onto a north-easterly heading; a transition which Glenn found noticeably “bumpy”. By 9:52 a.m.—barely five minutes after liftoff—the mission was “through the gates” and Glenn was heading smoothly towards low-Earth orbit.

część 1 http://www.americaspace.com/2017/02/18/zero-g-and-i-feel-fine-remembering-john-glenns-mercury-flight-part-1/

“I could hear gurgling sounds almost immediately,” Glenn said of his first few seconds back on Earth. “After it listed over to the right and then to the left, the capsule righted itself and I could find no traces of any leaks.” He released his straps and shoulder harness, removed his helmet, and put up his neck dam. He was sweating profusely, as physicians would later determine, and despite the open snorkels in Friendship 7’s hull, the humid air offered little respite. When the Noa arrived, he glanced through the window—coated with a smoky film from re-entry—and saw a deck full of sailors, so high in number that he asked the destroyer’s captain if anyone was actually running the ship!

Within minutes, Friendship 7 had been winched aboard and, after obtaining clearance from the bridge, Glenn detonated the hatch. He received two skinned knuckles, through his pressure suit gloves, as the plunger snapped back.

According to physicians Robert Mulin and Gene McIver, Glenn was fatigued, sweating and dehydrated; his only water intake had been from the apple sauce pouch, although his urine collector was full. After drinking water and showering, he became more talkative. He debriefed into a tape recorder aboard the Noa, before being flown to the Randolph for X-rays and an electrocardiogram and, later that evening, to Grand Turk Island for a welcoming committee of astronauts, physicians and NASA officials.

When asked by psychiatrist George Ruff if there had been any unusual activity during his mission, Glenn replied, “No … just a normal day in space!”


część 2 http://www.americaspace.com/2017/02/19/just-a-normal-day-remembering-john-glenns-mercury-flight-part-2/
http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=494.0
http://lk.astronautilus.pl/loty/m6.htm

https://x.com/NASAhistory/status/1759956079192973325
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Offline Orionid

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19 października minęło 19 lat od powrotu Johna Glenna na orbitę wokółziemską.

29.10.1998 o 19:19:33,984 z wyrzutni LC-39B na Cape Canaveral wystartował po raz 25. wahadłowiec Discovery do misji STS-95.
Start z Przylądka Kennedy'ego obserwował prezydent Bill Clinton.

Chiaki Mukai została 25. osobą reprezentującą Japonię w kosmosie.
Pedro Francisco Duque Duque został pierwszym Hiszpanem, który odbył lot w kosmos.

Do jednych z najważniejszych zadań lotu należało przeprowadzenie ponad 80 różnorodnych eksperymentów naukowych w ciśnieniowym module SPACEHAB oraz czasowe umieszczenie poza promem ładunku Spartan Freeflot.
Badania medyczne przeprowadzone podczas misji dotyczyły szeregu testów z udziałem specjalisty ds. ładunku Johna Glenna i specjalisty ds. misji Pedro Duque.

Załoga umieściła także na orbicie edukacyjnego satelitę PANSAT (Petite Amateur Navy Satellite).

Przeprowadzono także test systemów orbitalnych dla sprzętu związanego z HST, który będzie używany podczas trzeciej misji serwisowej teleskopu.

07.11.1998 o 17:03:30 wahadłowiec  wylądował na bieżni SLF (RW33) KSC po 134 orbitach.
Czas lotu: 8d 21h 43m 56s. [NASA: 09d 19h 54m 02s]

https://www.nasa.gov/mission/sts-95/
http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-95.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/s/sts-95.html

https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/1998/11/STS-95_Flight_Days_5_6_7
https://glenn.osu.edu/discovery-mission-25

Spartan 201-F5 https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spartan-201.htm
PANSAT (S97-D, OSCAR 34, PO 34) (70 kg) https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pansat.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-95
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-95
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1998 October 29 - . 19:19 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39B. Launch Platform: MLP2. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle.

STS-95 - . Call Sign: Discovery. Crew: Brown, Duque, Glenn, Lindsey, Mukai, Parazynski, Robinson. Payload: Discovery F25. Mass: 116,884 kg (257,685 lb). Nation: USA. Related Persons: Brown, Duque, Glenn, Lindsey, Mukai, Parazynski, Robinson. Agency: NASA Houston. Manufacturer: Douglas. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spaceplane. Flight: STS-95. Spacecraft Bus: Shuttle. Spacecraft: Discovery. Duration: 8.91 days. Decay Date: 1998-11-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 25519 . COSPAR: 1998-064A. Apogee: 557 km (346 mi). Perigee: 536 km (333 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 95.60 min.

The flight of STS-95 provoked more publicity for NASA than any other flight in years, due to the presence of ex-astronaut Senator John Glenn on the crew, which also included the first Spanish astronaut, Pedro Duque. The US Navy PANSAT student satellite was deployed on Oct 30 into a 550 km x 561 x 28.5 degree orbit. The Spartan 201 satellite was deployed from Discovery on November 1 and retrieved on November 3. Spartan 201 was on its fifth mission to observe the solar corona. The data on this mission would be used to recalibrate the SOHO satellite which recently resumed observation of the Sun following loss of control. Discovery landed at 17:03:31 GMT November 7 on Runway 33 at the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center.

Spartan 201 - . Mass: 1,195 kg (2,634 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Greenbelt. Program: STS. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Shuttle Attached Payloads. Spacecraft: Spartan. Decay Date: 1998-11-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 25521 . COSPAR: 1998-064C. Apogee: 560 km (340 mi). Perigee: 549 km (341 mi). Inclination: 28.40 deg. Period: 95.74 min. Retrieved by Discovery November 3 1998..

Spacehab - . Mass: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Houston. Manufacturer: Douglas. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned space laboratory. Spacecraft Bus: ISS. Spacecraft: Spacehab. Decay Date: 1981-04-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 25519 . COSPAR: 1998-064xx. Apogee: 560 km (340 mi). Perigee: 550 km (340 mi). Inclination: 28.40 deg. Period: 95.75 min.
http://www.astronautix.com/o/october29.html

'As Exciting As It Gets': Remembering John Glenn's Return to Space
By Ben Evans October 29th, 2017


President Bill Clinton introduces the STS-95 crew, including John Glenn, at a press conference at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas, in April 1998. Photo Credit: NASA

At a follow-up meeting with Dan Goldin—and carrying his medical results in hand—Glenn reiterated his interest. This time, Goldin took serious notice of his words and gave Glenn two conditions: first, that his mission should be scientifically valuable, and second, that he should be able to pass all of the exams required by active-duty astronauts, many of whom were half his age. In John Glenn: A Memoir, Glenn stressed that his wife, Annie, and grown children were unhappy with the notion of him venturing into the cosmos again. (Annie’s initial response was “Over my dead body!”) However, it was turning inexorably from a dream into a reality. “Back in Washington, on 15 January 1998,” Glenn wrote, “an aide interrupted a meeting with the word that I had a phone call.” It was Dan Goldin. “You’re the most persistent man I’ve ever met,” said the administrator. “You’ve passed all your physicals, the science is good and we’ve called a news conference tomorrow to announce that John Glenn’s going back into space!”
http://www.americaspace.com/2017/10/29/as-exciting-as-it-gets-remembering-john-glenns-return-to-space/

Interview with Senator John Glenn, Astronaut & US Senator
Senator John Glenn June 12, 2006

(...) Glenn: I had served on a Senate Special Committee on Aging and had seen some parallels between the human aging process and some of the symptoms that occurs with astronauts who spend a significant amount of time in the zero gravity of space. In fact, NASA has found 52 different things that happen to the human body during space travel, and many of these same conditions occur as people age. A good example is osteoporosis. I met with NASA to talk about the idea of studying these two related areas by sending an older person into space and thought that I would be a good candidate for this based on my experience. This research would not only help astronauts be able to take longer space flights but would help with some of the frailties that we have in old age. I was able to pass the physical requirements that NASA required and was selected as a payload specialist aboard Discovery. (...)
https://www.audiologyonline.com/interviews/interview-with-senator-john-glenn-1516



STS-95 Mission Highlights


Space Shuttle Flight 92 (STS-95) Post Flight Presentation





cz II https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1186.msg124389#msg124389
Wątek poświęcony astronaucie: http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=494.0
w sts-95 https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5571.msg187538#msg187538
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Offline Orionid

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Dziś mija 56 lat od pierwszego lotu Friendship 7 z Johnem Glennem na pokładzie.
Destination: History
Feb. 20, 2018



On Feb. 20, 1962, John Glenn made history by becoming the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the place we call home--planet Earth. This fish-eye view shows him ingressing Friendship 7, the Mercury-Atlas 6 spacecraft, during the last part of the countdown into history.
Image Credit: NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/destination-history

56 years ago John Glenn said, 'Boy, that was a real fireball ride'
Cheryl Vari, cvari@cincinnati.com Published 9:52 a.m. ET Feb. 20, 2018 | Updated 11:00 a.m. ET Feb. 20, 2018

"The interest in Colonel Glenn's flight seemed more intense than at any other event in memory — World Series game notwithstanding," reporter Margaret Josten wrote in a front-page story in The Enquirer on Feb. 21, 1962.

It was the day after Astronaut John Glenn, a 40-year-old Marine lieutenant colonel from  Cambridge, Ohio, orbited the Earth three times.

"Boy, that was a real fireball ride," Glenn said as his capsule Friendship 7 descended to Earth.

Glenn traveled more than 81,000 miles in just under five hours and landed in the balmy ocean near the Bahamas at 2:43 p.m.
https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/history/2018/02/20/56-years-ago-boy-real-fireball-ride/354022002/

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Offline Orionid

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I mamy okrągłą rocznicę powrotu Johna w kosmos.




John Glenn Returns to Space on the STS-95 Mission
Oct. 29, 2018



On Oct. 29, 1998 at 2:19:34 p.m. EST, space shuttle Discovery launched with Senator John Glenn aboard, as he returned to space for the first time since his 1962 flight when he became the first American to orbit the Earth. In this image, he is at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory at NASA's Johnson Space Center during water survival training for the STS-95 mission. Senator Glenn, wearing an orange launch and entry suit, dons his his helmet with the assistance of a suit technician.

During the mission, a battery of tests were conducted on Glenn and crewmate Pedro Duque to further research how the absence of gravity affects balance and perception, immune system response, bone and muscle density, metabolism and blood flow, and sleep.

Image Credit: NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/john-glenn-returns-to-space-on-the-sts-95-mission

'Zero-G, And I Feel Fine': 20 Years Since John Glenn's Return to Space
By Ben Evans, on November 4th, 2018


STS-95 launches on 29 October 1998. Photo Credit: NASA

(...) Three weeks after Glenn was announced to join the STS-95 mission, in February 1998 the remainder of the crew was announced. All but one were veterans, and yet all were starstruck by their crewmate. Commander Curt Brown was six years old when Glenn flew his Mercury mission and remembered Friendship 7 as “a big, significant event in my life”. Pilot Steve Lindsey was surprised to even meet one of the Original Seven, much less fly into space with the first American to orbit Earth. Mission Specialist Steve Robinson agreed with Lindsey, considering his chances of flying with Glenn as “impossible, squared”, whilst Scott Parazynski likened the opportunity to climbing Mount Everest with Sir Edmund Hillary or playing baseball with Babe Ruth. “This, for an astronaut,” said Parazynski, “is about as exciting as it gets.” (...)


Scott Parazynski (right) works with Sen. John Glenn during STS-95 in the fall of 1998. Photo Credit: NASA

http://www.americaspace.com/2018/11/04/zero-g-and-i-feel-fine-20-years-since-john-glenns-return-to-space/
https://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/years-ago-today-john-glenn-blasted-into-space-aboard-the-discovery/LzqJQQu78qDuPBvYLPPxDI/

EDIT 30.10.2023
https://twitter.com/ESA_History/status/1586262308019478529
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Great pic of the #STS-95 crew, launched #OTD 29 October 1998 with @astro_duque, Curt Brown, Steve Lindsey, @AstroDocScott , Steve Robinson, Chiaki Mukai & John Glenn (courtesy http://spacefacts.de)
w https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1186.msg47130#msg47130
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1718643860979790294
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The first American to orbit Earth became the oldest person to go to space 25 years ago today.
On Oct. 29, 1998, Senator John Glenn returned to space aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, where he and his STS-95 crewmates conducted experiments on their 9-day mission.
https://twitter.com/ESA_History/status/1718575906074108164
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#OTD 25 years ago: 29 October 1998, #ESA astronaut Pedro @astro_duque 🇪🇸  became 1st Spanish citizen in space when he was launched on #STS-95 #Discovery@esaspaceflight@esa_es@NASAhistory@cienciagob
👉https://nasa.gov/mission/sts-95/
https://twitter.com/ASE_Astronauts/status/1718704374904754680
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25 years ago today, John Glenn went back to space on Space Shuttle Discovery STS-95.
His return to space came over three decades after his historic 1962 flight in Mercury Friendship 7, when he became the first American to orbit the Earth: https://s.si.edu/3Ft3Gpn
https://x.com/airandspace/status/1718644883462984066
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Offline Orionid

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John Glenn 1st American in orbit 60 years ago today
Posted by Deborah Byrd February 20, 2022

(...) In those days, NASA astronauts gave personal nicknames to their space capsules. Glenn and his family decided on the word Friendship, adding the number 7 to honor his fellow Mercury astronauts. But NASA’s official name for Glenn’s mission was Mercury-Atlas 6. Mercury for the Roman god of speed and Atlas 6 to indicate that this was the sixth mission to launch atop the powerful Atlas rocket. (...)
https://earthsky.org/space/john-glenn-1st-american-to-orbit-earth-feb-20-1962/

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-john-glenn-the-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-aboard-friendship-7
https://www.nasa.gov/content/john-glenn-photo-gallery
https://kosmonauta.net/2012/02/20-02-2012glenn/

w https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=494.msg11708#msg11708
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Offline Orionid

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Astronauts, airport mark 60 years since John Glenn first orbited Earth

February 20, 2022 — The latest U.S. astronauts to follow John Glenn into orbit and the Australian city that lit up for his mission 60 years ago both celebrated the legacy of Glenn's historic American spaceflight.

The four NASA crew members currently on board the International Space Station marked the anniversary in a video while the airport in Perth, Australia converted its control tower into a giant screen for a space exploration history-themed projection. (...)

John Glenn's pioneering mission erased those doubts," said Marshburn, who at 61 is the only NASA astronaut currently in orbit who was alive for Glenn's mission. (...)


(...)
http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-022022a-john-glenn-first-american-orbit-60th.html

EDIT 20.02.23
http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/glenn_john.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/g/glenn.html
http://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2012/02/20-fevrier-1962-50eme-anniversaire-du.html
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-john-glenn-the-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-aboard-friendship-7
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1627329674400481280
https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1627569994891395073
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1627673201810587650
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1627679471452016640
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1627731007179788289
https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/myth-john-glenns-seven-orbit-mission
https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/closer-look-friendship-7-spacecraft
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1627825702236979200
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1627773357872631816
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-john-glenn-the-first-american-to-orbit-the-earth-aboard-friendship-7
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1628779220687093761
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Offline Orionid

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Just A Normal Day: Remembering Friendship 7, 60 Years On
by Ben Evans February 20, 2022


John Glenn walks to Pad 14 in the small hours of 20 February 1962. Photo Credit: NASA

(...) Meanwhile, Glenn continued putting his capsule through its paces. It was shortly after passing the two-hour mark of the mission, however, that he received an odd request from Mercury Control: to keep the switch for Friendship 7’s landing bag in the OFF position. He confirmed that the switch was indeed off and pressed on with his work. Later, Cooper asked him to confirm it again. Then, during another pass, Glenn overheard an indication from a flight controller that his landing bag—located between the base of the spacecraft and the heat shield—might have inadvertently deployed. (...)
https://www.americaspace.com/2022/02/20/just-a-normal-day-remembering-friendship-7-60-years-on/

2)
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1759652370550514070
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20 February 1962. 14.47.39 UTC/GMT. Launch of Mercury-Atlas 6 from Cape Canaveral LC-14. NASA manned spaceflight in which John Glenn became the first US astronaut to orbit the earth with Friendship 7. A three orbit, four hour fifty-six minute flight.
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