Autor Wątek: Mars Pathfinder  (Przeczytany 52624 razy)

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Offline kanarkusmaximus

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Odp: Mars Pathfinder
« Odpowiedź #105 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2018, 09:34 »
Dobre pytanie! Pewnie panele słoneczne zostały nieco przysypane. Ale reszta z pewnością nadal się wyróżnia względem reszty okolicznej powierzchni Marsa!

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #106 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2018, 10:00 »
Ciekawe czy i kiedy sfoci go MRO? Bo wczesniej sfocil go MGS  :)

Offline kanarkusmaximus

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« Odpowiedź #107 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2018, 10:45 »
MRO sfotografował obszar lądowania Mars Pathfindera w 2006-2007 roku:
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/news/mro-20070111.html

Ne wiem, czy później to nastapiło jeszcze.

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #108 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2018, 11:05 »
Widziałem tą fotkę. Myślałem, że wykonał ją MGS  :)

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« Odpowiedź #108 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2018, 11:05 »

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #109 dnia: Sierpień 14, 2018, 14:41 »
Ładne podsumowanko badań skał wykonanych przez Sojournera:

The chemical compositions of Martian rocks and soils examined with the Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) during the Mars Pathfinder 1997 lander mission were not previously fully determined. Preliminary chemical results included major element abundances determined by the incomplete calibration of the X-ray mode. The data collected from the alpha and proton detectors were not previously analyzed due to significant atmospheric contributions to the spectra. The back-up instrument of the Pathfinder Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer flight instrument has been used to complete the instrument calibration under simulated Martian conditions at the University of Chicago. The calibrated Pathfinder APXS instrument is capable of measuring concentrations of all major and minor rock-forming elements ranging from carbon through zirconium in atomic number. Therefore, it is capable of constraining the petrology of the measured samples. Final Pathfinder soil and rock sample abundances from the alpha, proton, and X-ray modes have been quantified. The abundances suggest that: 1.) the rocks are covered with various amounts of soil; 2.) the soil-free rocks, on a volatile-free basis, have some element ratios similar to Mars meteorites, yet have different bulk chemistry indicative of more evolved rocks with higher silica abundances; 3.) the carbon and nitrogen contents are below detection limits; and 4.) the alpha mode oxygen reveals excess amounts of oxygen in some samples which is indicative of sample-bound water (contained within minerals or glasses in samples). The presence of some water, up to 4 wt%, in some Pathfinder rocks implies that they may have been altered by some non-igneous process.

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AGUFM.P12C..06F

Szkoda że Sojourner nie miał szczotki na pokładzie by wyczyścić powierzchnię skał z pyłu. Wówczas pomiary byłyby bardziej jednoznaczne  :(

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #110 dnia: Listopad 12, 2018, 19:22 »
Na You Tubie znalazłem nowy dla mnie filmik pokazujący w skrócie misję Mars Pathfinder! Filmik nosi logo NASA.



Pytanie kiedy ten filmik agencja wykonała i czemu oficjalnie go nie pokazała?

Poza tym na filmiku widać, że nocą krajobraz lądowiska jest inny niż w dzień. Chyba pracowici Marsjanie podmienili co trzeba, żeby nie było widać co nie trzeba, jak na poniższym filmie  ;)  :P



 ;D

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #111 dnia: Marzec 15, 2019, 22:26 »
Wreszcie merytoryczny a nie tylko wspominkowy post o Mars Pathfinder! Okazuje się, że misja wylądowała nie tyle na dnie kanału po marsjańskich megapowodziach co w brzegowej strefie dawnego morza gdzie osadzeniu ulegały osady przynoszone tutaj z południowych wyżyn:

http://www.marsdaily.com/reports/Pathfinder_Rover_May_Have_Explored_Edges_of_Early_Mars_Sea_in_1997_999.html

Link do oryginalnej publikacji z pełnym tekstem za free  8)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39632-1

 

Offline Orionid

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« Odpowiedź #112 dnia: Marzec 24, 2019, 08:57 »
I może będzie to miejsce do kolejnego bezpośredniego badania ?

In 1997, NASA's Pathfinder Mission Unknowingly Landed Near the Shores of a Ancient Martian Sea
3/15/19 4:50pm George Dvorsky

(...) Rodriguez and her colleagues are now exploring the astrobiological potential of the marine sediments. To that end, she’s teaming up with a new NASA Ames-led initiative, which could result in the evaluation of the leftover marine sediments as a potential landing site.

“Because the water that formed the sea was expelled from the subsurface, its sediments might contain a record of habitability,” she said, nothing that this wouldn’t have been known had it not been for the Mars Pathfinder mission.

“That is a legacy of tremendous importance,” said Rodriguez.
https://gizmodo.com/in-1997-nasas-pathfinder-mission-unknowingly-landed-ne-1833323760

Offline Orionid

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« Odpowiedź #113 dnia: Marzec 24, 2019, 09:06 »
Materiał wspomnieniowy


Spacecraft Lands Today On the Planet of Dreams
By John Noble Wilford July 4, 1997

For the first time in 21 years, a spacecraft from Earth is about to land on Mars, largely because human beings hope they are not alone.

Being human in a universe vast beyond comprehension has always engendered conflicting emotions, oscillating between the anthropocentric arrogance of feeling special, perhaps even the reason for it all, and a deep, haunting loneliness.

The ascendant emotion nowadays seems to be a longing for cosmic companionship. Space aliens inhabit the new movie ''Men in Black'' and the minds of people who think Earth has been visited by U.F.O.'s, most notably at Roswell, N.M., 50 years ago. Another new movie, ''Contact,'' is a fictional account of a radio message being received on Earth from intelligent beings somewhere in space.

Now Mars Pathfinder, an American spacecraft launched last December, is arriving at the planet of the quintessential ''others,'' the Martians, where it is due to land on Friday.

No one still believes in the Martians of lore, and Mars Pathfinder will not be looking specifically for some kind of simple life on Mars, only for clues as to whether it could have existed there and where to search for evidence in future explorations.

But the spacecraft is aimed at the russet flood plain of Ares Vallis because the planet continues to hold a strong grip on scientists and others who think, or want to believe, that life exists elsewhere and who see Mars as the most inviting place to start looking.

''Landing on Mars is mystical, it's exciting,'' Daniel S. Goldin, Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, said here today at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where the mission is being directed. ''Mars has an unbelievable pull on people's imagination in America and around the world.''

Part of the attraction is perhaps residual, the memory of Martians in literature and scientific misconception.

In ''Gulliver's Travels,'' Jonathan Swift wrote in 1726 of Martians' spending ''the greatest Part of their Lives in observing the celestial Bodies, which they do by the Assistance of Glasses, far excelling ours in Goodness.''

In this century, Edgar Rice Burroughs entertained with stories of a beautiful princess of Mars.

H. G. Wells described fierce invaders from Mars descending on Earth.

For a time, Percival Lowell, the Boston Brahmin and Mars enthusiast, had people -- including some scientists -- believing in canals on Mars, the irrigation works of a dying civilization on the arid planet.

A more rational attraction stems from current scientific thinking. If the basic physical laws of the universe apply everywhere, as is thought, and if life could evolve on Earth, what is to prevent life from having arisen on other planets around other stars? Perhaps even on Mars, which, of all the other planets in the solar system, is most like Earth. It also happens to be close at hand, seven months of flight time away.

Any question that Mars still tugs at the imagination vanished last August with the announcement that a meteorite, almost certainly from Mars, contained minerals and fossil-like evidence suggesting that in its past, the planet harbored microbial life. The reaction was mostly positive and hopeful.

Though flights in the 1960's dashed any lingering notions of canal-building Martians, and though two Viking landers in 1976 failed to find any indisputable signs of life, geologists read into photographs of the deeply eroded surface theories of a Mars that was more Earth-like in its first billion years, warmer and wetter and with a denser atmosphere. That was the same time that life on Earth emerged.

''We know life originated on Earth when it was incredibly inhospitable,'' said Dr. Wesley T. Huntress Jr., chief of space science at NASA. ''It's very possible it may have arisen on Mars under those very same conditions.''

As planetary geologists reason, water appears to have once washed the Martian landscape in great floods; where there is liquid water, there could be life. Then along came the meteorite findings, which, if they hold up to continuing scrutiny, would seem to bear out the geologists' theories.

The findings thus gave added impetus to plans by the United States for an intensive 10-year program of Mars exploration, leading up to a mission in 2005 to bring back rock samples to analyze for fossils. Only then do scientists have much hope of answering questions about life on Mars.

Mars Pathfinder is the first of the program's missions to reach the planet. Another, Mars Global Surveyor, is on its way to orbit the planet in September and conduct a two-year mapping reconnaissance. An even more ambitious Russian mission, Mars 96, failed shortly after launching last fall.

Mars and Earth come relatively close to each other once every 26 months, and NASA plans to send two craft there -- one a lander, the other an orbiter -- at each of those opportunities until the sample-return flight in 2005. Those missions are to scout the terrain for the best place to collect the rock samples, somewhere most likely to have had water in the past.

Mars is about 4,200 miles in diameter, about half the size of Earth. A Martian day is only 37 minutes longer than an Earth day. Though colder and drier, Mars has Earth-like seasons, polar caps, enormous amounts of water in permafrost, volcanic mountains and other similarities with Earth.

So if Mars proves to have been forever lifeless, then even as people look elsewhere they will face an intriguing question related to the broader question of extraterrestrial life: Why did life never arise there?

For the renewed efforts to explore Mars have objectives besides the search for life. One is to understand the Martian climate, especially its apparently catastrophic swings over time, and what lessons it holds for the past and future of Earth's climate. Another is to survey the geology and resources that might be used to support future human missions to the planet.

With every robotic flight, every new set of photographs and geological data, the pull of Mars on the imagination will probably draw astronauts closer to its surface, on a mission in the next century. No nation has any plans now for human flights to Mars, but NASA is conducting studies.

''The concepts are starting to get very creative and very encouraging,'' said Mr. Goldin, the NASA Administrator. ''But they are still much too expensive.''

Sooner or later, though, people could be traveling to Mars, perhaps to found colonies at some distant time. Then there would be Martians without question, but perhaps no relief from cosmic loneliness.

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/04/us/spacecraft-lands-today-on-the-planet-of-dreams.html

Mars Pathfinder Landing
Was Defining Moment for Net

July 14, 1997 By AMY HARMON

As television viewers last week watched the Mars Pathfinder scientists hug one another in a brief, oft-repeated video and newspaper readers scanned snippets of their comments on the space mission, Joy Connolly sat transfixed for hours at her computer screen, spying on the NASA team in their Mission Operations Room.

A camera at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. transmitted the images to JPL's World Wide Web site, where Ms. Connolly kept an eye on them while working on her Classics dissertation at home in Philadelphia.

"They weren't really doing much, mostly standing around, talking to each other, looking kind of nervous," said Ms. Connolly, 28. "But instead of these big dramatic moments, you could actually see science happening."

Not all of the record 45 million visitors to the JPL sites last week cared about the "webcam." Lynn Connor, 49, a quality assurance inspector at a plastics firm in Sumner, Wash., feasted instead on the dozens of images of the dusty red planet. Georgi Ivanov, 25, of Manhattan, tuned in for instant updates on the historic mission from his desk at work.

The multiple motives of Pathfinder's audience befitted the multimedia character of the World Wide Web, which passed a milestone and came somewhat abruptly into its own as a popular news medium.

Just as the broadcast of President John F. Kennedy's assassination became the defining moment for television as the nation's information conduit of choice and the Gulf War served as CNN's vehicle into the cultural psyche, the Mars landing may signal the start of a new interactive era in the mass consumption of news, media scholars said.

Already prepared for a flood of interest, JPL nonetheless scrambled all week to accommodate the wave of Web browsers cresting at its electronic door. Commercial Web sites devoted to news also reported unprecedented interest.

"When you look at the logs, America was sitting around looking at their watch saying, 'OK, it's landed, let's check the Web," said Duane Wessels, a principal investigator at the San Diego Supercomputing Center, who monitored traffic on several of JPL's 21 identical sites.

The number of visitors increased tenfold between 9 p.m. and 10 p.m. on July 4, the night of the Pathfinder landing, and stayed strong through the week, Wessels said: "This is the single most popular event on the Web so far."

Other news events, including last summer's Olympics and the crash of TWA Flight 800, last year's presidential election, and the recent chess match between Gary Kasparov and an IBM computer, have also drawn large crowds to the Web.

But in part because the act of landing on Mars struck a visceral chord in millions of Americans, and in part because the images were so spectacular -- and so elusive on TV -- -millions of non-scientists consulted the Web for information. Despite frustrating delays, J.P.L. logged 80 million 'hits' a day early in the week. (Hits are a unit of measurement referring roughly to the number of images and features visitors were exposed to on the site.)

The critical mass of interest in a proactive approach to gathering news was seen as a turning point that could effect the way news is reported, consumed and interpreted for many years to come.

"More and more people are going to be diving into these great tidal currents of information, and will assume that's the behavior they should resort to during an emergency or a ritual of collective amazement," said Todd Gitlin, professor of culture, journalism and sociology at New York University.

The political and cultural effects of such a shift are just beginning to unfold. Television network news in its heyday fostered a sense of security and shaped national attitudes toward major events by providing a collective -- and, some critics have argued, a monolithic -- viewpoint. By contrast, the Web caters to a creed of individualism that allows people to get the information they want, when they want it.

Sifting through Mars material at their own time and pace is precisely what so many enjoyed about the Web. Because electronic publishing is relatively cheap, more details are available online than anywhere else. But some critics worry that the impulse to turn to modems when news happens will further fragment an already splintered society.

At the same time, the medium has the capacity to link like-minded people on a global scale more effectively than any other that has come before it. E-mail from all over the world poured into JPL last week. "Good on ya guys -- keep up the good work. You are really -- what we Aussies say -- 'bloody legends'!!" wrote one fan.

Relatively inexpensive and infinitely cool, the Mars landing was almost universally applauded. But if the Web news habit extends to more controversial events, as seems likely, its near-boundless depth as both a publishing and communications platform may take on more significance. "During the next war, will we have something more like 'click here for some skeptical views?' ... on network news?" asked Gitlin. "Or will people put up their own?"

For traditional news organizations trying to figure out how to translate their business online, the spike in traffic from the Mars landing was encouraging evidence that the surfing public tends to gravitate toward established journalistic sources in the Web's morass of often inaccurate electronic information. Visitors to CNN's site jumped 40 percent; and ABC's two-month-old site recorded a 12 percent increase in traffic.

Yet some argue that the public interest -- and perhaps the bottom-line interest of electronic publishers as well -- would be better served if commercial news sites would make more of an effort to combine the medium's participatory potential with their own news reporting.

"With Mars, people are getting news from news sites and then going elsewhere on private mailing lists and sites to talk about it," said Jon Katz, the media critic for Hotwired, an online magazine. "The sites that do best are the ones where you have both filtered, accurate information that can be openly and freely discussed. But journalism is still so frightened of that."

Historians note that just as the advent of television did not put an end to radio, the Web does not threaten to eclipse its media predecessors anytime soon.

But they might do well to take note of the evolving media habits of people like Bob Stormer, 33, who spent several hours each night last week wading through G-force charts and Mars mission background on the JPL Web site.

"I'm not an Internet weirdo, but there's just not enough information on the tube," Stormer said.

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/071497medium.html
« Ostatnia zmiana: Sierpień 03, 2023, 16:24 wysłana przez Orionid »

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #114 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2019, 12:31 »
Dziś 22 rocznica lądowania Mars Pathfindera w Dolinie Aresa! 

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #115 dnia: Lipiec 09, 2019, 13:38 »
Super, jakis konkret juz jest. BTW, przypomina mi sie historia napra
naprawiania pierwszych lazikow, tez na dzien dobry mialy jakis
problem, czy to sojuner czy MERy. Z powazaniem
                                                                 Adam Przybyla

To łazik Sojourner miał awarię?  Pierwsze słyszę  :o

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« Odpowiedź #116 dnia: Lipiec 09, 2019, 15:51 »
Super, jakis konkret juz jest. BTW, przypomina mi sie historia napra
naprawiania pierwszych lazikow, tez na dzien dobry mialy jakis
problem, czy to sojuner czy MERy. Z powazaniem
                                                                 Adam Przybyla

To łazik Sojourner miał awarię?  Pierwsze słyszę  :o

Nie miał, inżynierowie domyślali się nawet, że mógł działać autonomicznie nawet jeszcze paręnaście godzin po utracie sygnału z lądownika, stąd ustalenie jego pozycji przy Pathfinder'ze nie jest łatwe, pomijając, że nawet przy rozdziałce z MRO, ciężko wychwycić z tego morzą pikseli ten piksel "jezdny".
Rosyjski program kosmiczny to dziś strzelanie rakietami w martwe obiekty na orbicie.

Online Adam.Przybyla

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« Odpowiedź #117 dnia: Lipiec 09, 2019, 17:15 »
Dobrze, sterowanie lazika bylo w sondzie i to pathfinder mial problem:
https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/9178/how-did-nasa-remotely-fix-the-code-on-the-mars-pathfinder
http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~risat/Report_MarsPathFinder.pdf
Z powazaniem
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JID: adam.przybyla@gmail.com

Offline kanarkusmaximus

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« Odpowiedź #118 dnia: Lipiec 09, 2019, 17:24 »
Przeniosłem ostatnie posty do wątku o misji Mars Pathfinder. To chyba tutaj miejsce na dyskusję o łaziku Sojourner. :)

Offline ekoplaneta

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« Odpowiedź #119 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2020, 22:57 »
Dziś mija 23 lata od lądowania Mars Pathfindera z Sojournerem na Marsie w Dolinie Aresa. Wtedy zaczęła się złota era w badaniach Czerwonej Planety która z różnymi przygodami trwa do dziś  8)

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« Odpowiedź #119 dnia: Lipiec 04, 2020, 22:57 »