ISS - Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna (2019)

[mss]

Na godzinę 12:44 zaplanowane jest odłączenie od MSK statku towarowego Progress MS-11. Po włączeniu silników o 15:50 ma on wejść w gęste warstwy atmosfery ziemskiej. Nad południowym Pacyfikiem około 16:32 mają wodować pozostałe szczątki statku.

[Orionid]

CRS-18: Dragon dotarł do ISS
BY KRZYSZTOF KANAWKA ON 28 LIPCA 2019

W sobotę 27 lipca w godzinach popołudniowych (czasu europejskiego) Dragon dotarł do ISS. Przechwycenie przez ramię robotyczne Stacji (SSRMS) nastąpiło o 15:11 CEST, zaś przyłączenie do modułu Harmony – o 18:01 CEST.

Łącznie na pokładzie (zarówno w sekcji ciśnieniowej, jak i w “bagażniku”) Dragona znalazło się ponad 2300 kg ładunku, eksperymentów, części zamiennych i sprzętu. Jednym z nich jest pierścień International Docking Adapter (IDA). Ten konkretny pierścień nosi oznaczenie IDA-3. Co ciekawe, IDA-1 został utracony podczas nieudanego startu misji CRS-7 z czerwca 2015.

CRS-18 jest ciekawą misją także z perspektywy ponownego wykorzystania sprzętu. Pierwszy stopień Falcona 9 został w tym starcie po raz drugi wykorzystany, zaś kapsuła Dragon – po raz trzeci. Wcześniej ten egzemplarz kapsuły Dragon został wykorzystany w misji CRS-6 (2015 rok) i CRS-13 (2017 rok). (...)
https://kosmonauta.net/2019/07/crs-18-dragon-dotarl-do-iss/

SpaceX’s Dragon cargo capsule arrives at space station
July 27, 2019 Stephen Clark


The Dragon cargo capsule in the grasp of the space station’s robotic arm Saturday. Credit: NASA TV/Spaceflight Now

(...) “We’ve got about 5,000 pounds of science, critical spares, food and other items on this flight, also including, externally, the International Docking Adapter No. 3,” said Bill Spetch, NASA’s deputy manager of space station transportation integration, in a pre-launch press conference. “We’re really looking forward to getting this on there. It’s an important piece of hardware for the future of ISS as it sets the stage for how we are going operate with commercial crew vehicles and our partners in the future.”

The third International Docking Adapter, or IDA-3, will accommodate the Crew Dragon and Starliner commercial crew ferry ships in development by SpaceX and Boeing.

IDA-3 was built by Boeing to replace a unit lost during a SpaceX launch failure in 2015. SpaceX successfully delivered IDA-2 to the station in 2016, and the new docking mechanism was first used in March by SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft on an unpiloted test flight before officials clear astronauts to ride the vehicle.

NASA said in 2016 it was paying Boeing $9 million to construct the replacement docking adapter using spare parts left over from the first two units.

The space station’s robotic arm will pull IDA-3 out of the Dragon cargo capsule’s unpressurized aft payload bay and place it on the space-facing zenith port of the space station’s Harmony module in mid-August, allowing Boeing’s Starliner and SpaceX’s Crew Dragon capsules to park at the station at the same time, using two separate docking adapters.

“As we rotate crews through the vehicle, we want to have them time to directly hand over face-to-face, so enabling those two docked vehicles is very important,” Spetch said.

The new docking mechanisms are designed for attachment to the station’s space shuttle-era docking ports. The Crew Dragon and Starliner spacecraft employ a different docking system design than the shuttle.

Two astronauts will head outside the station next month to finish up connections between IDA-3 and the Harmony module.


The third International Docking Adapter, designed to accommodate commercial crew vehicles built by Boeing and SpaceX, was loaded inside the trunk of SpaceX’s Dragon cargo craft in June. Credit: NASA/Isaac Watson

A habitat carrying 40 female mice also launched inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft. The capsule will return to Earth from its month-long mission with 20 of the mice, and specimens from the mice will distributed to medical and biological researchers to investigate how spaceflight affected the animals’ muscles, bones, immune systems and organs.

The other 20 mice will remain on the station to undergo longer exposure to microgravity.

NASA also placed a spacesuit inside the Dragon cargo craft’s pressurized module for use by astronauts on spacewalks.

Here is a breakdown of the cargo aboard the Dragon spacecraft:

Science Investigations: 2,628 pounds (1,192 kilograms)
Crew Supplies: 514 pounds (233 kilograms)
Spacewalk Equipment: 394 pounds (179 kilograms)
Vehicle Hardware: 345 pounds (157 kilograms)
Computer Resources: 38 pounds (17 kilograms)
Unpressurized Payloads (IDA-3): 1,177 pounds (534 kilograms)

Other items delivered to the station inside Dragon’s pressurized compartment include a 3D BioFabrication Facility developed by Techshot, an Indiana-based company, to demonstrate printing soft human tissue in microgravity, a capability researchers view as a stepping stone toward potentially manufacturing organs for transplant patients.


SpaceX’s Dragon cargo craft delivered Techshot’s 3D BioFabrication Facility, seen here on the ground, to demonstrate technologies for manufacturing artificial human tissue in space. Credit: Techshot

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. also has an experiment on the Dragon supply ship. The tire manufacturer will study the formation of silica fillers, a common material used in consumer tires, in the microgravity environment of Earth orbit.

According to Goodyear, knowledge gained from the experiment will help engineers evaluate potential improvements to the silica design process and rubber formulation.

“Goodyear has been a pioneer in tire innovations related to space, with the first and only tires on the moon, numerous projects with NASA and now this,” said Eric Mizner, Goodyear’s director of global materials science, in a press release. “It underscores our passion for going to the ends of the earth — and beyond — to develop new technologies that help us deliver breakthrough products with true consumer benefits.”

Results from the space station experiment may yield improvements in fuel efficiency and other tire performance factors, according to Goodyear.

Japanese scientists also sent up an experiment to grow moss in space, seeking to compare how the plant grows in space with its behavior on Earth. Mosses could be used as a food or oxygen source on future space missions, such as bases on the moon or Mars. (...)
https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/27/spacexs-dragon-cargo-capsule-arrives-at-space-station/

Photos: SpaceX completes resupply run to International Space Station
July 29, 2019 Stephen Clark


Credit: NASA/Tony Gray and Tim Powers


Credit: SpaceX


Credit: NASA/Nick Hague
https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/07/29/photos-spacex-completes-resupply-run-to-international-space-station/

Dragon CRS-18 Arrives with Crew Docking Adaptor, Raft of Science for Space Station
By Mike Killian, on July 27th, 2019


NASA astronauts Nick Hague (center) Christina Koch (left) and Drew Morgan (right), currently serving with the Expedition 60 crew on the International Space Station, welcome SpaceX Dragon CRS-18 to the orbiting outpost on 27 July 2019. Photo Credit: NASA
https://www.americaspace.com/2019/07/27/dragon-crs-18-arrives-with-crew-docking-adaptor-raft-of-science-for-space-station/

[mss]

Zgodnie z planem o 12:44 czasu polskiego odłączył się od MSK Progress MS-11. Kolejny statek transportowy Progress MS-12 ma wystartować z Bajkonuru 31.07 o godzinie 14:10:46 za pomocą rakiety Sojuz-2.1a. Połączenie z modułem Pirs zaplanowane jest po 3 godzinach i 24 minutach.

Aktualny wykaz podłączonych do MSK statków jak w załączniku:

[mss]

Wg najnowszych danych odłączenie od MSK jest planowane w przyszłą sobotę 27.07 o godzinie 18:20 czasu polskiego. Ma on faktycznie spędzić na orbicie parę miesięcy do grudnia 2019.

Po kilku dniach ciszy, pojawiła się w końcu aktualizacja daty odłączenia Cygnusa NG-11 na wtorek 06.08.2019 o godzinie 18:15 czasu polskiego.

[Orionid]

Zgodnie z planem o 12:44 czasu polskiego odłączył się od MSK Progress MS-11. Kolejny statek transportowy Progress MS-12 ma wystartować z Bajkonuru 31.07 o godzinie 14:10:46 za pomocą rakiety Sojuz-2.1a. Połączenie z modułem Pirs zaplanowane jest po 3 godzinach i 24 minutach.

Progress MS-11 ustanowił rekord w szybkim podejściu do ISS
http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1344.msg134450#msg134450
https://www.roscosmos.ru/26613/

Progress MS-12 uplasować się powinien tuż za nim.

[mss]

O godzinie 17:29:16 czasu polskiego po rekordowych 3 godzinach 18 minutach i 30 sekundach po starcie, nastąpiło połączenie statku transportowego Progress MS-12 z MSK.

Aktualny wykaz podłączonych do stacji statków jak w załączniku:

[Orionid]

Nagranie ze zbliżania i połączenia z ISS




Russian Progress Cargo Ship Reaches Station in Just Two Orbits
Author Mark Garcia Posted on July 31, 2019


This image from an external high definition video camera shows Russia’s Progress 73 resupply ship nearing its docking port on the space station.

Traveling about 259 miles over northwest China, the unpiloted Russian Progress 73 cargo ship docked at 11:29 a.m. EDT to the Pirs docking compartment on the Russian segment of the complex. (...)
https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/07/31/russian-progress-cargo-ship-reaches-station-in-just-two-orbits/

http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3694.msg134862#msg134862

[Orionid]

W ciągu 12 miesięcy czeka nas wzmożona ilość EVA  związanych m. in. z naprawą AMS.
Istnieje też niepewność w szybkim przejściu do używania komercyjnych pojazdów załogowych, co może mieć wpływ na płynną realizację operacji na orbicie.

NASA warns commercial crew delays create uncertainty in ISS operations
by Jeff Foust — July 30, 2019

(...) Another factor affecting utilization is spacewalks. “Over the next 12 months we have an unprecedented number of spacewalks, and an unprecedented complexity of spacewalks,” he said. That includes several to continue replacing batteries in the station’s power system as well as repairs of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) instrument, which was not designed for servicing in orbit. “These will be the most challenging EVAs ever conducted,” he said of the AMS repairs. (...)
https://spacenews.com/nasa-warns-commercial-crew-delays-create-uncertainty-in-iss-operations/

[robinson]

Jak można zaprojektować urządzenie nie serwisowalne i wysłać je w miejsce gdzie jest możliwy serwis. I to praktycznie bez dodatkowych kosztów bo serwis jest v na miejscu. Nie rozumiem .
Pzdr

[Orionid]

Naprawa swą złożonością porównywana jest do serwisowania HST.
Instrument miał funkcjonować tylko 3 lata i nie przewidywano jego naprawy. Ale okazał się zbyt wartościowy , by szybko spisać go na straty.

Repairs In Works For Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Oct 20, 2017 Mark Carreau | Aerospace Daily & Defense Report

HOUSTON—NASA is laying the groundwork for a series of spacewalks to repair the International Space Station’s aging Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)—a task likely to rival the complexity of the spacewalks required to maintain and upgrade the Hubble Space ...
https://aviationweek.com/awinspace/repairs-works-alpha-magnetic-spectrometer

LUCA PARMITANO TRAINING AT NASA’S JOHNSON SPACE CENTER
12/04/2019



(...) The training is important as Luca has some spacewalks planned that will see him repair the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMS-02 particle detector. The dark-matter hunter was launched 16 May 2011 on Space Shuttle Endeavour mission STS-134. It records over 17 billion cosmic rays, particles, and nuclei a year. The results from AMS-02 have shown unexpected phenomena not predicted by cosmic ray models—and changing our understanding of the cosmos.

The mission was initially meant to run for only three years but has been so successful that its mission life has been extended. Three of the four cooling pumps however have stopped functioning and require repair.

A series of spacewalks are planned to replace the cooling system for the $2 billion instrument but they were never designed to be replaced in space.

The first spacewalk is intended to determine just how and where to intervene, and what tools will be needed for the process. (...)
https://m.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2019/04/Luca_Parmitano_training_at_NASA_s_Johnson_Space_Center6

[Radek68]

Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna opracowała urządzenie, które prawdopodobnie zabezpieczy komunikację z Międzynarodową Stacją Kosmiczną. MSK łączy się z Ziemią drogą satelitarną, ale komunikacja nie jest szyfrowana, ponieważ na orbicie dość częste jest zjawisko bit flip – niekontrolowane przestawianie wartości bitów w pamięci. W takich warunkach używanie szyfrów jest prawie niemożliwe. Klucze nadawcy i odbiorcy przestają do siebie pasować i trzeba wszystko zaczynać od początku.
Eksperyment mający na celu zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego w przyszłych misjach kosmicznych działa w europejskim module Columbus Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej.
A działa on na komputerze Raspberry Pi, kosztującym... kilka euro.
Raspberry Pi nie jest maszyną odporną na promieniowanie, lecz klucz szyfrowania nie musi być przechowywany w pamięci RAM. ESA eksperymentuje z dwiema nowymi metodami wymiany kluczy. Raspberry Pi będzie towarzyszyć klucz sprzętowy zakodowany fizycznie. Klucz ten będzie używany do generowania nowych kluczy w czasie rzeczywistym. Jeśli więc któryś z kluczy zostanie uszkodzony, natychmiast zastąpi go nowy, a komunikacja nie zostanie zerwana.

Na razie ESA zbiera dane z ICE Cube działającego na MSK. Informacje zostaną przeanalizowane przy współpracy z CERN-em. Bardziej złożone testy ruszą jeszcze w sierpniu.

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2019/07/Cryptography_ICE_Cube_experiment

[mss]

Cygnus NG-11 został odłączony od MSK o 15:30 czasu polskiego, a zwolniony o 18:15.

Aktualny schemat podłączonych do MSK statków jak w załączniku (Progress MS-12 (73P!)):

[Orionid]

Cygnus supply ship departs space station, begins extended mission
August 6, 2019 Stephen Clark


The Cygnus spacecraft begins a departure burn after release from the International Space Station’s robotic arm. Credit: NASA TV/Spaceflight Now

Wrapping up 109 days attached to the International Space Station, a Northrop Grumman Cygnus supply ship departed the orbiting research lab Tuesday to begin an extended four-month mission for additional technology demonstrations and smallsat deployments.

NASA flight engineer Nick Hague, at the controls of the station’s robotic arm, commanded the release of the automated cargo craft at 12:15 p.m. EDT (1615 GMT) as the vehicles soared 260 miles (418 kilometers) over the Pacific Ocean.

The Cygnus spacecraft arrived April 19 at the space station, delivering several tons of supplies, food and experiments. After Tuesday’s departure from the ISS, the cargo craft will deploy several smallsats before plunging into the atmosphere in December, when it will burn up on re-entry with trash loaded by the station astronauts.

Northrop Grumman christened the Cygnus the S.S. Roger Chaffee, after the late astronaut who perished in the Apollo 1 fire in 1967 alongside Gus Grissom and Ed White. (...)

The space station astronauts unpacked the cargo from the Cygnus spacecraft’s pressurized module, made in Italy by Thales Alenia Space. The crew loaded approximately 5,300 pounds, or around 2.4 metric tons, of disposable cargo and trash into the Cygnus spacecraft to burn up during re-entry into the atmosphere, according to Northrop Grumman.

Northrop Grumman’s ground team in Dulles, Virginia, planned to send the Cygnus spacecraft into an orbit some 40 miles (65 kilometers) above the space station’s altitude for deployment of several CubeSats from a NanoRacks module and a Slingshot mechanism.

One of the CubeSats to be released after Cygnus’ departure from the space station is named Seeker, which is scheduled for deployment in about one month. Developed at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, with a camera system provided by engineers at the University of Texas at Austin, Seeker will perform an inspection of the Cygnus spacecraft to demonstrate in-space navigation and imaging capabilities that could be used on future missions in deep space.

Two AeroCube 10 nanosatellites from the Aerospace Corp. will also separate from Cygnus to conduct experiments in satellite-to-satellite pointing, evaluate the use of a water-based stream thruster, and release 29 tiny atmospheric probes to measure air density in low Earth orbit.

The AeroCube and Seeker missions will deploy from a NanoRacks mechanism outside the Cygnus spacecraft. Several more CubeSats will separate from a Hypergiant SEOPS “Slingshot” deployment system mounted on the Cygnus spacecraft’s hatch bulkhead.

The CubeSat nanosatellites set for deployment from the Slingshot on Cygnus arrived at the space station last month inside a SpaceX Dragon supply ship. The station astronauts transferred the CubeSats from the Dragon cargo craft and installed them into the Slingshot deployment system on Cygnus.

Spaceflight, a rideshare smallsat launch broker based in Seattle, purchased capacity on the Slingshot mechanism from Hypergiant SEOPS for multiple CubeSats, including a nanosatellite named RFTSat from Northwest Nazarene University in Idaho, and the NARSSCube 2 tech demo mission from Egypt’s National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences.

Spaceflight said an undisclosed CubeSat will also deploy from the Slingshot system on the Cygnus cargo craft.

Northrop Grumman plans several months of long-duration spaceflight experiments using the Cygnus spacecraft after release of the CubeSats. Four miniaturized control moment gyroscopes are flying on the cargo freighter for the first time, and engineers will assess their performance in controlling the spacecraft’s pointing without consuming rocket fuel.

Ground teams also want to evaluate how the Cygnus spacecraft’s avionics function on a long-duration mission, and Northrop Grumman plans to demonstrate dual Cygnus operations for the first time after the launch of the company’s next resupply mission — NG-12 — in October.

Like all previous Cygnus missions, the spacecraft will burn up during re-entry over the Pacific Ocean once the extended mission demonstration is complete. The re-entry is scheduled for Dec. 11. (...)
https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/06/ng-11-cygnus-iss-departure/

[Orionid]

Luca Parmitano – wywiad z ISS
BY KRZYSZTOF KANAWKA ON 9 SIERPNIA 2019


Luca Parmitano na pokładzie ISS / Credits - ESA

(...) Pod koniec lipca Luca Parmitano udzielił wywiadu dla różnych europejskich mediów. Zapis tego wywiadu prezentujemy poniżej. Jest to początek misji Luca Parmitano – stąd część pytań dotyczyła także procesu adaptacji do funkcjonowania w warunkach mikrograwitacji.




(...)
(ESA)
https://kosmonauta.net/2019/08/luca-parmitano-wywiad-z-iss/

[mss]

Jutro Luca Parmitano z MSK będzie pierwszym w historii DJ (Disc Jockey) nadającym muzykę elektroniczną z orbity.

Więcej: http://blogs.esa.int/luca-parmitano/2019/08/12/music-in-space/

https://themusicessentials.com/news/an-astronaut-will-perform-a-dj-set-on-the-international-space-station-for-the-first-time-ever-13-august-2019/