Interesujące informacje na temat lądownika:
http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/12/congress-nasa-must-not-only-go-to-europa-it-must-land/" The Congressional budget deal to fund NASA for the fiscal year 2016 includes $1.63 billion for planetary science, of which $175 million is designated for the “Jupiter Europa clipper mission.” It has a target launch date of 2022.
But the new budget legislation does not stop there. It further stipulates, “This mission shall include an orbiter with a lander that will include competitively selected instruments and that funds shall be used to finalize the mission design concept.” In other words, it's against the law to fly the mission to Europa without a lander."
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Now that NASA has accepted an orbital mission to Europa, the biggest point of contention has been a lander. During a November interview with Ars, Bolden explained why he didn’t want to tackle such an ambitious mission.
“My scientific community, the people who do mission planning, say we need to go and do a little research with the first mission to Europa to determine whether that’s a place we want to send a lander,” Bolden said. “That’s the point of our big disagreement with Congressman Culberson right now. He wants a multibillion dollar Europa mission that has a lander on the first flight and everything. Our belief is that that is imprudent from a scientific perspective.”
http://spacenews.com/nasa-receives-19-3-billion-in-final-2016-spending-bill/"That total includes $175 million for a mission to Jupiter’s moon Europa, which the bill’s report states will include both an orbiter and a lander."
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2015/1216-nasa-gets-an-extraordinary-budget-in-2016.html "It provides $175 million for the new Europa mission and an additional $25 million for “icy satellites surface technology” development. It directs NASA to develop a lander for Europa."