Chiński program kosmiczny

[ah]

Ładne podsumowanie chińskich startów w 2018: https://gbtimes.com/china-in-space-2018-national-launch-record-commercial-takeoff-and-far-side-of-the-moon.
Co ciekawe, mimo rekordowej ilości startów masa wysłanych obiektów jest ok. dwukrotnie mniejsza niż wysłanych przez USA.

[Orionid]

Nawet więcej niż wg zapowiedzi z początku roku.

http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=100.msg113729#msg113729

[Orionid]

Podstawowa konstelacja BeiDou-3 już ma zasięg globalny

China's BeiDou officially goes global
Source: Xinhua| 2018-12-27 23:12:33|Editor: Yang Yi

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday announced that the primary system of BeiDou-3 has been established and started to provide global services, meaning its home-grown BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) officially went global.

The BDS has been performing well in the Asia-Pacific region and it goes global with cutting-edge technology and high-quality service.

"The BDS is very popular in Indonesia," said Marianto Yang, an agent selling satellite navigation equipment in Indonesia, adding that the system offers services superior to similar equipment.

In November 2017, BeiDou-3, the latest generation of the BDS, started its satellite constellation, which was completed this November.

Xie Jun, deputy chief designer of the system, said the goal of the design of BeiDou-3 is to provide services with comparable accuracy to those of the third generation of the Global Positioning System owned by the United States and European Galileo system.

The new progress of BeiDou-3 offers an alternative to the world.

"We have seen great potential in the BeiDou system," said Sabira Khatun, a professor who specializes in electronics engineering at Universiti Malaysia Pahang, emphasizing that the system has brought opportunities for academic cooperation on navigation between the two countries.

The BDS was created in a spirit of openness and cooperation. Before BeiDou-3 started its global service, services provided by BeiDou-2 had been applied in over 70 countries and regions, from land planning and supervision of river transport in Myanmar to urban modernization and smart tourism in Brunei.

In recent years, the BDS's pace of globalization has been quickening. At the sixth ministerial meeting of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum in 2014, the application of the BDS in Arab countries has been discussed.

In May 2015, China and Russia signed the BeiDou-Glonass system compatibility and interoperability cooperation agreement. In April 2018, the China-Arab States BDS/GNSS Center, the first overseas center for China's indigenous BDS, was officially inaugurated in Tunisia.

"Cooperation on the BDS is of special significance for the Belt and Road construction," said Mohamed Ben Amor, secretary general of the Tunisia-based Arab Information and Communication Technology Organization, an Arab governmental organization under the Arab League.

"The next step of the China-Arab cooperation is to achieve further connectivity and both sides can apply the BDS to promote regional technological and economic development," Amor added.

Shen Jun, deputy director of the International Cooperation Center of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said the China-Russia Commission on Important Strategic Satellite Navigation Cooperation has been established to continuously coordinate and promote bilateral cooperation in satellite navigation.

Cooperative projects between China and Russia include the development of chips for satellite navigation applications and autonomous vehicles in agriculture, Shen added.

This year has seen an intensive launch of BeiDou satellites. By around 2020, when the BeiDou system completes its global network, it will have more than 30 satellites.

All countries around the world, especially developing ones, will enjoy free positioning and navigation services provided by the BDS, which "not only is the progress of the global satellite navigation system, but also benefits the development of production and transportation in these countries," said Amor.

(Xinhua reporters Yang Jun in Beijing, Liang Hui in Jakarta, Lin Hao in Kuala Lumpur, Ma Di and Huang Ling in Tunis, and Luan Hai in Moscow also contributed to the story.)

http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-12/27/c_137702956.htm

[ekoplaneta]

To teraz będziemy mieli wybór między różnymi sieciami łączności satelitarnej :-)

[Orionid]

Yang Yiqiang szef projektu  RN  Long March 11 w wywiadzie określa mozliwości wzrostu znaczenia Chin w przemyśle kosmicznym.

China on the way to becoming a major space power
By Li Qiaoyi Source:Global Times Published: 2018/12/27 22:03:06

(...) The main obstacle to Chinese space program's overseas outreach is the US International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), under which some chip products or even some unimportant items are banned from being carried by Chinese rockets. The ITAR mechanism also stipulates that some of the equipment used in rocket research and manufacturing is not allowed to be sold to China. It is hoped that China and the US could hold high-level talks regarding the issue. (...)

http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1133887.shtml

[Orionid]

China to launch first rocket for commercial missions in 1st half of 2019
2018-12-30

(...) China will launch the first rocket for commercial missions in the first half of 2019, according to China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).

The rocket, Jielong (Smart Dragon) No.-1 Solid Propellant Launch Vehicle, will take on China's first commercial mission.

China plans to develop two types of rockets for commercial purposes -- the Jielong series and the Tenglong series, according to Tang Yagang, president of Chinarocket Co., Ltd. under the CASC.

"Preliminarily, we plan to develop two series, the Jielong series and Tenglong series. The Jielong series are mainly solid propellant rockets which rely less on the launch facilities and are flexible and the Tenglong series are mainly liquid propellant rockets with a large payload capacity. To reduce the cost of entering the orbit, we must give priority to liquid propellant rockets," said Tang.

Tang added they are exploring the technology of reusable rockets and they expect it to be put into use in the next two to three years.

"We are exploring different technical methods that include retrieval of rockets by vertical taking-off and landing, and horizontal taking-off and landing. Now we have expedited the development of the technology to reuse rockets. Hopefully, in the coming two to three years, China's rockets will adopt the technology," said Tang.

Meanwhile, China will create more space products and combine space technology with the needs of common people.

"We will firstly develop the industry to actively explore the space. Secondly, we will enable the people to directly benefit from our space exploration in their happy life. It is like the experience economy. For example, we will travel in space in the future. It surely needs some time but more common people will have a chance to experience it," said He Guosheng, director of the Industrial Development Department of the CASC.

http://www.cctvplus.com/news/20181229/8099306.shtml#!language=1

[ekoplaneta]

Ciekawy artykuł o nieoficjalnych załogowych planach Księżycowych Chin:

Chinese officials have voiced a desire to send astronauts to the moon. And the nation's leadership places a premium on doing space-related things that have never been done before — such as landing on the mysterious lunar far side, which the Chang'e 4 mission pulled off Wednesday (Jan. 2), and building the world's largest radio telescope. Chang'e 4 deployed a rover called Yutu 2 on the moon's far side, too.

It's therefore likely that China has serious crewed lunar ambitions that don't involve simply retracing the steps of NASA's Apollo astronauts, experts say. [China's Chang'e 4 Farside Moon Landing in Pictures]

"I think what we will see will be either more people, a more extended stay, or maybe landing at a pole — something that'll make people say, 'Wow! That's not just replicating what other people have done,'" Dean Cheng, a senior research fellow at The Heritage Foundation who's an expert on China's space program, told Space.com.

"I could imagine a manned landing on the far side of the moon, though that's really risky," Cheng said.

Another very real possibility, he added: Sending a woman to the lunar surface. All 12 of the Apollo astronauts who walked on the moon between 1969 and 1972 were men. And none of them stayed on the lunar surface for more than 75 hours.

https://www.space.com/42914-china-far-side-moon-landing-crewed-lunar-plans.html

[ah]

W sumie nic nowego, może poza kobietą na Księżycu (po raz pierwszy od 1929). 
Wielokrotnie nawet w tym wątku zamieszczaliśmy odnośniki do chińskich planów, które przyspieszyły od roku 2014.
Jako przykład chińskie koncepcje załogowej bazy księżycowej przewidywanej na lata trzydzieste (link sprzed przeszło roku):
https://gbtimes.com/living-on-the-moon-a-chinese-conceptual-lunar-base

[ekoplaneta]

Znalazłem ciekawe szczegóły dotyczące wysokości kosmicznych budżetów Chin i Rosji:

China now spends more on its civil and military space programs than do Russia and Japan. Although opaque, its 2017 budget was estimated at $8.4 billion by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

That's far less than the $48 billion the United States spends on its military and civilian space programs, says analyst Phil Smith of consulting firm Bryce Space and Technology. But it is more than double Russia's civilian space budget, which has been slashed to $3 billion.

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/In_space_the_US_sees_a_rival_in_China_999.html

[ah]

Satelity Jilin z wczorajszego startu CZ-11 już przesyłają pierwsze zdjęcia:

https://www.weibo.com/5838191069/Hd5umlBWL

[ah]

Artykuł na planetary.org na temat dalszych planów księżycowych Chin: http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2019/whats-next-for-china.html

Na zachętę taka wizualizacja robotycznej bazy księżycowej:

[Orionid]

Planowanych jest ponad 30 startów z ponad 50. ładunkami w 2019.

China will attempt 30-plus launches in 2019, including crucial Long March 5 missions
by Andrew Jones — January 29, 2019

HELSINKI— The main contractor for the Chinese space program is planning more than 30 launches in 2019, with major missions including the crucial return-to-flight of the heavy-lift Long March 5 rocket in July.

The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), announced Jan. 29 that it would aim to loft more than 50 spacecraft on 30-plus launches this year.

Among these will be the third launch on the Long March 5, a 5-meter-diameter, 57-meter-tall heavy-lift launch vehicle which failed in its second flight in July 2017, delaying the Chang’e-5 lunar sample return mission and the construction of the Chinese Space Station. (...)

https://spacenews.com/china-will-attempt-30-plus-launches-in-2019-including-crucial-long-march-5-missions/

[ah]

Z braku czegoś ciekawszego, takie oto dziwne obrazki chińskiego lądownika księżycowego z sinodefenceforum:

[kanarkusmaximus]

Trochę przypomina te koncepcje z Golden Spike Company?

[station]

Trochę dziwny ten pomysł z dwoma kabinami. Chyba, że wymusił to koncept z maksymalnym zrzuceniem wagi lądownika, ale to tylko skromne gdybanie....