Hurtowy start z Indii 29.11. o 04:27:30 z Sriharikota wystrzelona została RN PSLV-CA, która wyniosła w T+16' 34" na orbitę o parametrach:
hp=639 km, ha=637 km, i=97,957° satelitę HySIS, a po podwójnym restarcie czwartego stopnia w T+107' 47" na orbitę
o parametrach: hp=504 km, ha=504 km, i=97,468° 30 nanosatelitów: Centauri, Kepler (CASE), FACSAT, Reaktor Hello
World, InnoSAT-2, HIBER-1, 3Cat-1, 16 sztuk Flock 3R, HSAT-1, Global-1, 4 sztuki LEMUR i CICERO-8.
http://lk.astronautilus.pl/n181116.htm#0731 satelitów wyniesionych przez indyjską PSLV BY MICHAŁ MOROZ ON 30 LISTOPADA 2018
Z kosmodromu Sriharikota 29 listopada wystartowała rakieta nośna PSLV-CA wynosząc indyjskiego satelitę obserwacji Ziemi HySIS. Dodatkowo wyniesionych zostało również 30 małych satelitów.
Start wysokiej na 44,4 metry rakiety PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) rozpoczął się o godzinie 5:27 CET. Rakieta wystartowała głównego stanowiska startowego kosmodromu Sriharikota w południowych Indiach. Główny ładunek, satelita HySIS, został wyniesiony po 16 minutach i 34 sekundach lotu. Pozostałe satelity zostały uwolnione niemal 2 godziny od startu, i po dwóch dodatkowych odpaleniach czwartego stopnia rakiety trwających koło czterech sekund.
HySIS (Hyper Spectral Imaging Spectrometer) to ważący 380 kg satelita obserwacji Ziemi zbudowany przez Indyjską Agencję Kosmiczną. Konstrukcja bazuje na platformie satelitarnej SSB-2. Będzie prowadził obserwacje Ziemi przy pomocy dwóch spektrometrów obserwujących w paśmie widzialnym i podczerwieni (VNIR) oraz podczerwieni krótkofalowej (SWIR). Rozdzielczość przestrzenna uzyskiwanych danych będzie wynosić 30 metrów, a szerokość pasa obrazowania wyniesie 30 km. Satelita został wyniesiony na orbitę o parametrach 639 na 637 km oraz inklinację 97,96 stopnia.
Nagranie startu PSLV z 29.11.2018
Po dwóch odpaleniach czwartego stopnia pozostałe ładunki zostały umieszczone na niższej orbicie kołowej na wysokości 504 km i inklinacji 97,47 stopni. 16 satelitów to seria obserwacyjnych Flock 3R należących do spółki Planet, jednego z najgłośniejszych startupów kosmicznych z San Francisco, posiadających już ponad 100 satelitów na orbicie. 4 nanosatelity Lemur-2 należą do spółki Spire, która świadczy usługi meteorologiczne oraz monitoringu ruchu morskiego.
Pozostałe satelity to:
- BlackSky Global 1, amerykański satelita obserwacji Ziemi należący do spółki BlackSky Global. Pierwszy z planowanej na 60 satelitów konstelacji obserwacji Ziemi będącej w stanie oferować zdjęcia z rozdzielczością około 1 metra. Satelita ma masę 56 kg i ma pracować przez co najmniej 3 lata.
- CICERO-8, amerykański CubeSat 6U spółki GeoOptics Inc. Satelita jest częścią budowanej konstelacji sondowania atmosfery przy pomocy okultacji GNSS.
- Hiber 1, holenderski testowy CubeSat 6U spółki Hiber Global. Ma testować technologie pod przyszłą konstelację 18 lub 24 satelitów oferujących usługi komunikacyjne dla Internetu Rzeczy.
- HSAT-1, amerykański CubeSat 6U spółki Harris. Na orbicie będzie testował nową kamerę oraz rozkładaną antenę.
- FACSAT 1 to kolumbijski CubeSat 3U zbudowany przez Kolumbijskie Siły Powietrzne. Ma wykonywać zdjęcia Kolumbii z rozdzielczością 30 metrów.
- InnoSAT-2 zbudowany przez malezyjską spółkę państwową Astronautic Technology Sdn. Bhd (ATSB) będzie testował lokalną platformę satelitarną bazującą na standardzie CubeSat 3U
- Reaktor Hello World zbudowany przez fiński Reaktor Space Lab to CubeSat 2U demonstrujący działanie nowej kamery hiperspektralnej oraz bazującej na standardzie CubeSat nowej platformy satelitarnej.
- 3Cat 1 to hiszpański edukacyjny CubeSat 1U zbudowany przez studentów Politechniki Katalonii.
- Centauri 1 to amerykański testowy CubeSat 3U spółki Fleet Space Technologies, testujący rozwiązania dla przyszłej konstelacji satelitów komunikacyjnych dla Internetu Rzeczy.
- Również kanadyjski Kepler (CASE) to CubeSat 3U testujący rozwiązania komunikacyjne pod rozwijający się rynek IoT.
Źródło: SpaceFlightNow, Gunter’s Space Page
https://kosmonauta.net/2018/11/31-satelitow-wyniesionych-przez-indyjska-pslv/Indian rocket launches 31 satellitesNovember 29, 2018 Stephen Clark
(...) Going into Thursday’s launch, Planet had 118 active satellites in its fleet, a number that was expected to grow to 134 with the spacecraft delivered to space by the PSLV, according to Trevor Hammond, a spokesperson for the company. Five more Planet-owned spacecraft are slated to launch no earlier than Sunday on a rideshare mission aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, further adding to an imaging network that aims to map the entire globe every day. (...)
https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/11/29/indian-rocket-launches-31-satellites/https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/11/28/pslv-c43-mission-status-center/https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/11/30/on-board-camera-replay-of-pslvs-deployment-of-31-smallsats/ISRO's PSLV successfully lifts off, carrying earth observation satellite HysIS along with 30 satellitesPTI|Updated: Nov 29, 2018, 02.16 PM IST
(...) ISRO chief K Sivan and the space agency's scientists broke into cheers as the earth observation satellite was injected into sun-synchronous polar orbit.
During the launch however, scientists had to restart the fourth stage engine twice for placing the 30 co-passenger satellites. According to an official, the fourth stage engine was cut off after the earth observation satellite was separated at an altitude of 636.3 km.
Scientists also had to reduce the altitude from 636 km to around 504 km to place the 30 satellites in the sun-synchronous polar orbit one by one.
A similar operation was undertaken when scientists injected eight different satellites including the country's weather satellite SCATSAT-1 and five from other nations in two different orbits on September 25, 2016.
The primary mission of the Hyper Spectral Imaging Satellite (HysIS), whose life is five years, is to study the earth's surface in visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
It is the primary satellite of the PSLV-C43 mission, which is on its 45th flight.
The mass of the spacecraft is about 380 kg, and the satellite would be placed in 636 km-polar sun synchronous orbit with an inclination of 97.957 degrees, ISRO said. (...)
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-launches-earth-observation-satellite-hysis-along-with-30-satellites/articleshow/66859666.cmsISRO Says Countdown for Launch of 31 Satellites Progressing SmoothlyIndo-Asian News Service, 28 November 2018
(...) According to ISRO, the PSLV rocket will lift-off at 9:58am on Thursday with the 380 kg Hyper Spectral Imaging Satellite (HysIS) and 30 others together weighing 261.5 kg.
The entire mission will be completed in just 112 minutes after the rocket's liftoff.
The rocket's fourth stage will be switched off in just over 16 minutes after the lift off.
After over 17 minutes into the flight, the PSLV rocket will place the HysIS satellite with a mission life span of five years in 636 km polar sun synchronous orbit.
After that the rocket will be brought to a lower altitude of 503 km from 642 km. (...)
https://gadgets.ndtv.com/science/news/isro-says-countdown-for-launch-of-31-satellites-progressing-smoothly-1954850PSLV conducts HySIS launch with numerous co-passengerswritten by William Graham November 28, 2018
(...) Thursday’s launch saw the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) make its forty-fifth flight. PSLV, the workhorse rocket of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), was charged with placing an advanced imaging spacecraft into orbit before releasing its multinational consignment of miniature satellites.
The Hyperspectral Imaging Satellite (HySIS) was the primary payload aboard Thursday’s launch. A 380-kilogram (838-pound) spacecraft, HySIS was constructed by ISRO around the Indian Mini Satellite 2 (IMS-2) bus. The satellite is designed to operate for at least five years and will be stationed in a sun-synchronous orbit. Power is generated by two deployable solar arrays, with a total output of 730 watts.
HySIS carries a hyperspectral imaging payload, designed to photograph the Earth’s surface across a broad spectrum of wavelengths. This payload consists of two imaging spectrometers: the first operates in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum, while the second will operate in shortwave infrared. HySIS can image the Earth in 55 spectral bands, with a maximum resolution of 30 meters (98 feet) across a 30-kilometer (18.6-mile) swath of the surface.
Images returned by the satellite will be used for a multitude of purposes including military surveillance, while ISRO has identified geology and monitoring of agriculture, forestry, water and natural resources as other potential applications.
HySIS was joined on its journey to orbit by thirty smaller satellites, which are mounted around two circular plates attached to the rocket below its own payload adaptor.
The largest of the secondary payloads was Global 1, the first member of an Earth-imaging constellation being deployed by American company BlackSky Global. Global-1 carries a SpaceView-24 imaging system developed by Exelis which uses a 24-centimeter (9.4-inch) telescope to image the Earth’s surface at resolutions of up to 90 centimeters (35 inches).
The 56-kilogram (123 lb) Global-1 satellite was constructed by Spaceflight Services, based around the SCOUT bus, and is designed to operate for at least three years. BlackSky plans to deploy a constellation of up to sixty satellites: the next, Global-2, will be deployed by a Falcon 9 rocket next week.
The remaining twenty-nine satellites aboard the PSLV all adhered to the CubeSat standard, a set of common form factors frequently used for small satellites. CubeSats have cuboid shapes measured in “units”, with each unit a cube with sides of ten centimeters (3.9 inches). By adhering to these form factors, satellites can be accommodated with standardized deployment mechanisms and find launch opportunities more easily and cheaply than payloads that require custom arrangements.
Twenty-two of the CubeSats will be operated by US companies. Flock-3r, a payload being carried for Planet Labs, consists of sixteen three-unit CubeSats. Planet has already deployed hundreds of these spacecraft, known as Doves, to conduct near-real-time imaging of the Earth’s surface worldwide.
Four Lemur-2 satellites, to be operated by another US company, Spire Global, also adhere to the three-unit specification. Each Lemur carries two payloads: SENSE collects and relays Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals from ships on the world’s oceans, while STRATOS conducts weather monitoring via a technique called radio occultation or GPS occultation.
Radio occultation, which studies how signals from navigation satellites passing behind the Earth are refracted as they travel through the planet’s atmosphere, allows a satellite to infer atmospheric conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity and electron density.
The Community Initiative for Cellular Earth Remove Observation 8 (CICERO-8) satellite, which will be operated by GeoOptics, also carries a radio occultation payload that will use signals from both GPS and European Galileo satellites. A six-unit CubeSat, CICERO-8 is the seventh member of a multi-satellite constellation to be launched – although three of its predecessors were damaged during launch and failed to operate after deployment.
The passengers during encapsulation – via ISROHarris Corporation’s HSAT-1 satellite is another six-unit, or 6U, CubeSat. HSAT-1 will carry out a technology demonstration mission and carries Earth imaging and AIS receiver payloads. The satellite’s imaging system has a resolution of up to 698 meters (2,290 feet), while AIS signals will be collected through two deployable antennae: a monopole antenna will be used for the first two months of the mission, before a broad-bandwidth deployable antenna (BBDA) is deployed and used for the remainder of the satellite’s lifespan.
HSAT-1 will use Globalstar satellites for its primary method of communication with the ground, with an S-band radio carried as a backup. The satellite is expected to operate for two years.
Hiber Global of the Netherlands will operate the Hiber 1 satellite, another 6U payload which will serve as a demonstration mission for a future planned low Earth orbit communications network. Hiber plans to launch up to fifty satellites to provide worldwide connections for internet of things (IoT) devices.
Like Hiber 1, CASE – which is being carried for Canada’s Kepler Communications – will also serve as a pathfinder for a constellation of communications satellites to link IoT devices. Named after a robot in the film Interstellar, CASE follows on from the KIPP satellite that was deployed by a Chinese Chang Zheng 11 rocket in January. It is a three-unit CubeSat that was built by Glasgow-based Clyde Space. A third prototype IoT communications satellite is Centauri 1 a 3U CubeSat, which will be operated by Australia’s Fleet Space Technologies.
FACSAT-1, another three-unit CubeSat, will be the first satellite to be operated by the Colombian Air Force, the Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC). Built by Sweden’s GOMSpace, FACSAT-1 is primarily a demonstration mission, although it carries an imaging payload that will be used for agriculture and land use monitoring, disaster response and urban planning in Colombia. The satellite can image the Earth at resolutions of up to 30 meters (98 feet).
Malaysia’s Innovative Satellite 2, or InnoSAT-2, is a three-unit CubeSat that will perform a series of technology development experiments for Astronautic Technology (M) Sdn. Bhd. (ATSB). Reaktor Hello World is a two-unit CubeSat built by Finland’s Reaktor Space Lab. The satellite will demonstrate a two-unit CubeSat platform named Hello World and also carries an amateur radio beacon and a hyperspectral imaging payload.
Spain’s 3Cat-1 is a single-unit (1U) satellite being flown for the Polytechnic University of Catalonia to test a suite of instruments and equipment in space. It will test CellSat solar cells designed for future missions, a micro-electro-mechanical sensor to detect atomic oxygen, a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET), a wireless power transfer system and an autonomous beacon transmitter powered by a Peltier cell – independent of the rest of the satellite’s systems – that will continually broadcast the satellite’s temperature. For calibration, 3Cat-1 is also equipped with a Geiger counter and a low-resolution camera.
A Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) placed HySIS and its fellow passengers into orbit. The four-stage PSLV flew in its Core Alone (PSLV-CA) configuration, which is used for lighter payloads which do not require the additional thrust of any strap-on boosters at liftoff. PSLV-CA is one of three versions of the PSLV that can be used – the original version of the rocket, PSLV-G, features six additional solid rocket motors clustered around the first stage, while the PSLV-XL uses larger boosters to carry even heavier payloads.
Thursday’s launch was designated PSLV C43, and will be the forty-fifth flight of the PSLV across all configurations, and the thirteenth use of a PSLV-CA. (...)
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/11/pslv-hysis-launch-numerous-co-passengers/https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hysis.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/blacksky-global.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/flock-1.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/lemur-2.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cicero.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hiber-1.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hsat-1.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/kepler-1.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/centauri-1.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/facsat-1.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/innosat-2.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/reaktor-hello-world.htmhttps://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/3cat-1.htm