InSight wylądował na Marsie 26.11. o 19:44:52 (19:52:59 ERT) na terenie Elysium Planitia wylądowała sonda
InSight.
http://lk.astronautilus.pl/n181116.htm#06Udane lądowanie InSight (26.11.2018) BY REDAKCJA ON 26 LISTOPADA 2018
Grafika prezentująca etap lądowania InSight na spadochronie / Credits - NASADwudziestego szóstego listopada lądownik InSight z sukcesem osiadł na powierzchni Marsa. Rozpoczyna się nowa misja badawcza, w której udział bierze także Polska.
Do startu marsjańskiej misji Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) doszło 5 maja 2018 o godzinie 13:05 CEST z kosmodromu Vandenberg w Kalifornii. Lot rakiety Altas V przebiegł prawidłowo i InSight został umieszczony na prawidłowej orbicie wstępnej. O 14:23 CEST rozpoczęło się drugie, 6 minutowe odpalenie stopnia Centaur, które wyniosło sondę na trajektorię międzyplanetarną.
Przez kolejne miesiące InSight przemieszczał się w przestrzeni międzyplanetarnej, zbliżając do Czerwonej Planety. Ten etap misji przebiegł bez problemów. Wreszcie, 26 listopada 2018, InSight wszedł w atmosferę Marsa. W czasie krótszym niż siedem minut lądownik InSight spowolnił z blisko 20 tysięcy kilometrów na godzinę do zera. Lądowanie nastąpiło o 20:47 CET, a o 20:54 CET pierwszy sygnał potwierdzający udane lądowanie dotarł do Ziemi.
Podczas procesu lądowania telemetria była przekazywana również przez pierwsze dwa międzyplanetarne CubeSaty, MarCO-A i MarCO-B, które zostały wystrzelone wraz z sondą marsjańską.
Zaledwie kilka minut później InSight przesłał pierwsze zdjęcie miejsca lądowania. Na zdjęciu widać dużo pyłu na osłonie, która później zostanie odrzucona. Rolą tej osłony jest ochrona optyki przed pyłem, który się wzbije w trakcie lądowania.
Pierwsze zdjęcie z powierzchni Marsa wykonane przez sondę InSight / Credits – NASA TVInSight wylądował na równinie o nazwie Elysium Planitia. Jest to płaski obszar znajdujący się w równikowej strefie Marsa. Co ciekawe, blisko południowej granicy tej równiny znajduje się krater Gusev, w którym wylądował łazik Spirit oraz krater Gale, który od 2012 roku bada łazik MSL Curiosity.
Elementy urządzenia HP3 wykonane przez firmę Astronika / Credits – AstronikaW misji obecny jest również silny polski akcent. Warszawska firma Astronika ze wsparciem Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN (CBK) przygotowała element eksperymentu HP3, który będzie sukcesywnie wbijał się w powierzchnie Marsa. Będzie to pierwsze w historii takie badanie prowadzone pod powierzchnią Marsa.
https://kosmonauta.net/2018/11/udane-ladowanie-insight-26-11-2018/#prettyPhotoNASA InSight Lander Arrives on Martian SurfaceNOVEMBER 26, 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=117&v=Et_p8XP6ZCU(...) "Landing was thrilling, but I'm looking forward to the drilling," said InSight principal investigator Bruce Banerdt of JPL. "When the first images come down, our engineering and science teams will hit the ground running, beginning to plan where to deploy our science instruments. Within two or three months, the arm will deploy the mission's main science instruments, the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) and Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) instruments."
InSight will operate on the surface for one Martian year, plus 40 Martian days, or sols, until Nov. 24, 2020. The mission objectives of the two small MarCOs which relayed InSight's telemetry was completed after their Martian flyby. (...)
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7293InSight tweaks trajectory to home in on Mars landing siteNovember 26, 2018 Stephen Clark
Artist’s illustration of the InSight spacecraft descending under parachute. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech(...) A supersonic parachute will then unfurl — shot out of the top of the entry vehicle like a mortar shell — at a velocity of around 861 mph (385 meters per second), and at an altitude of approximately 36,400 feet (11,100 meters) above ground level.
Fifteen seconds later, InSight will release its heat shield and extend its three landing legs, each fitted with a trigger sensor to detect touchdown.
But InSight’s parachute is not enough to slow the spacecraft enough for a soft landing. The Martian atmosphere — less than one percent the thickness of Earth’s — is far too thin to allow landers to safely reach the surface using parachutes alone.
InSight will next activate a landing radar to measure the spacecraft’s altitude and descent rate, and after about two minutes under the parachute, the probe will release from its backshell at a speed of around 134 mph (60 meters per second) and an altitude of approximately 3,600 feet (1,100 meters).
One second after backshell separation, the lander will begin firing 12 braking rockets to slow its descent velocity and null out horizontal movements. The spacecraft will also rotate to ensure it is in the correct orientation for touchdown, with its solar arrays extending east and west from the deck, and the robotic arm’s work area on the south side of the lander.
Around 164 feet (50 meters) above the surface, InSight will transition to a constant velocity mode. Around 15 seconds later, InSight will reach the surface at a velocity of around 5 mph (2.24 meters per second), and immediately switch off its liquid-fueled thrusters.
Once on the surface, InSight will unfurl two fan-like solar arrays to begin generating power. Cameras on the stationary lander, built by Lockheed Martin, will survey its surroundings before engineers beam up commands for InSight to use its robotic arm to place a pair of science instruments on the nearby surface.
One of the sensors is a French-built seismometer encased in a vacuum enclosure and a wind shield. It will detect tremors — marsquakes — caused by geologic activity deep inside the Martian crust.
Another instrument, developed in Germany, will hammer up to 16 feet (5 meters) below the Martian surface and measure the heat coming from the planet’s interior.
The instrument deployments could take two or three months to complete as scientists and engineers on Earth methodically plan the sequence based on the conditions at InSight’s unexplored landing site.
“It’s taken more than a decade to bring InSight from a concept to a spacecraft approaching Mars — and even longer since I was first inspired to try to undertake this kind of mission,” said Bruce Banerdt of JPL, InSight’s principal investigator. “But even after landing, we’ll need to be patient for the science to begin.”
The lander will stand around three feet (90 centimeters) tall on the Martian surface, with some uncertainty because InSight’s legs could compress into the soil after touchdown. With its solar panels unfolded, the lander will span around 19.7 feet (6 meters) wide. (...)
https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/11/26/insight-tweaks-trajectory-to-home-in-on-mars-landing-site/InSight’s entry, descent and landing timelineNovember 26, 2018 Stephen Clark
Artist’s concept of the InSight spacecraft streaking into the Martian atmosphere. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech(...) InSight is reusing much of the landing design pioneered by the Phoenix mission, which landed on Mars’s northern polar plains in May 2008. But here are some of the key differences from Phoenix, according to a NASA press kit:
- InSight will have more mass entering the atmosphere — about 1,340 pounds (608 kilograms) vs. 1,263 pounds (573 kilograms).
- InSight will land at an elevation about 4,900 feet (1.5 kilometers) higher than Phoenix did, so it will have less atmosphere to use for deceleration.
- InSight will land during a Martian season (early winter in the northern hemisphere) when dust storms have grown to global proportions in some prior Martian years.
In order to address some of the differences, InSight uses a thicker heat shield capable of withstanding “sandblasting” by a Martian dust storm, and its parachute will open at a higher speed than Phoenix’s chute. The parachute suspension lines on InSight also use stronger materials, according to NASA. (...)
https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/11/26/insights-entry-descent-and-landing-timeline/NASA, international InSight mission nail PERFECT landing on Marswritten by Chris Gebhardt November 25, 2018
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), which will serve as the primary engineering comms relay for InSight’s landing. (Credit: NASA/JPL)(...) Slamming into Mars’ atmosphere at 12,300 mph (5.5. km/second), the 1,340 lb (608 kg) craft used a combination of hypersonic aerobraking with its heat shield, a hypersonic parachute, and 12 retro-rocket descent thrusters to slow itself to just 5 mph (8 kph) in 7 minutes for landing on the western Elysium Planitia.
Despite similarities and heritage technology with NASA’s Phoenix polar lander, InSight had a much more challenging Entry, Descent, and Landing – known as EDL – sequence than Phoenix did in 2008.
InSight entered the Martian atmosphere at a slower relative velocity than Phoenix, 12,300 mph (5.5 km/second) vs. 12,500 mph (5.6 km/sec), respectively, and landed 4,900 feet (1.5 km) higher in elevation than Phoenix did – meaning InSight had less time to slow itself down for a safe landing than Phoenix had.
But mission designers also had to account for – years in advance – the possibility that InSight, once launched, might have to land during or just after a dust storm. Dust storms during the Martian northern hemisphere’s autumn season (the current season at InSight’s landing location) are not uncommon, and mission planners had to account for that possibility during InSight’s initial design phase years ago.
Yet during that design phase, no one could have known that the mission’s launch would be delayed from 2016 to 2018 nor that after the lander’s launch, Mars would experience a global dust storm that – in some aspects – was the most intense ever observed.
Nonetheless, the kind of dust storms Mars just endured were always a possibility that InSight would have to contend with; to that end, the lander was given a thicker heat shield than Phoenix’s in case of high-altitude suspended dust which could have caused greater wear through sandblasting of the heat shield.
Likewise, InSight’s hypersonic parachute suspension lines were made of stronger, heavier material than Phoenix’s to account for the possibility that Mars’ atmosphere might be thicker than predicted due to suspended dust in the atmosphere.
More so, InSight controllers received daily weather updates of the Elysium Planitia landing site from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – allowing controllers the chance to upload last-minute tweaks to the timing of InSight’s parachute deployment and activation of its landing radar system to account for landing-day weather characteristics.
Of note, InSight was also designed to be able to land during a Martian dust storm – something it did not have to do Monday but was nonetheless baked into the craft’s design given that, once launched, the science platform’s landing date and time were fixed and could not be postponed. (...)
Given the “delayed gratification” in terms of real-time information expected from InSight via MRO, Odyssey, and the two Earth observatories, NASA designed two CubeSats – Mars Cube One – to fly along with InSight and serve as a technology demonstration to receive InSight’s UFH data signals during Entry, Descent, and Landing, convert them to X-band signals, and immediately retransmit them back to Earth. (...)
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/11/nasa-mars-fleet-insight-landing-red-planet/https://qz.com/1475222/nasa-mars-landing-cubesats-pave-way-for-cheaper-exploration/http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1086.msg125107#msg125107Artykuły astronautyczne :
Amerykańska sonda InSight wylądowała na Marsie [PAP]
NASA's InSight Spacecraft Safely Lands on Mars After 'Seven Minutes of Terror' [AS]
Eksperci: lądowanie na Marsie to pełen sukces misji InSight [PAP]
Dane z Marsa z misji InSight trafią także do Polski [PAP]
NASA’s InSight mission lands on Mars to study planet’s hidden interior [spaceflight Now]
MarCO success vindicates use of cubesats on deep space missions [SpaceNews]
NASA's successful Mars landing means we have to consider what to do about potential life there [THINK]
Wątek: Mars Cube One (MarCO)
http://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=2195.msg124853#msg124853
Wątek: InSight (05.05.2018) (Przeczytany 271098 razy)