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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #660 dnia: Styczeń 23, 2023, 18:32 »
25 lat temu, 23 stycznia 1998 roku, rozpoczęła się przedostatnia misja wahadłowca do stacji Mir.
Wyprawa STS-89 Endeavour trwała 8d 19h 46m 54s.

Andrew Sydney Withiel Thomas pozostał na Mirze, a na Ziemię powrócił po długotrwałym locie David Alexander Wolf.

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1998 January 23 - . 02:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. Launch Platform: MLP3. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle.

STS-89 - . Call Sign: Endeavour. Crew: Anderson, Dunbar, Edwards, Joe, Reilly, Sharipov, Thomas, Andrew, Wilcutt. Payload: Endeavour F12 / Spacehab Double Module. Mass: 116,277 kg (256,346 lb). Nation: USA. Related Persons: Anderson, Dunbar, Edwards, Joe, Reilly, Sharipov, Thomas, Andrew, Wilcutt. Agency: NASA Houston. Manufacturer: Douglas. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spaceplane. Flight: Soyuz TM-26, STS-86 Mir NASA-5, STS-89, STS-89 Mir NASA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Shuttle. Spacecraft: Endeavour. Duration: 8.82 days. Decay Date: 1998-01-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 25143 . COSPAR: 1998-003A. Apogee: 382 km (237 mi). Perigee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.00 min. (...)

Space Shuttle Flight 89 (STS-89) Post Flight Presentation


“The Air from the Earth”: Remembering STS-89, OTD in 1998
by Ben Evans a day ago

(...) “The eighth and ninth Mir flights will use the Space Shuttle to reduce a significant logistics shortfall on Mir, conduct vital engineering research and expand our knowledge and experience of the effects of long-duration weightlessness,” NASA explained. “In addition, these extended Mir operations will assist Russia in its objective to extend the Mir on-orbit lifetime through Fiscal Year 1999.” (...)
https://www.americaspace.com/2023/01/22/the-air-from-the-earth-remembering-sts-89-otd-in-1998/

http://lk.astronautilus.pl/loty/sts89.htm
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-89.html
http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-89.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/s/sts-89.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-89
https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1617168740180791296
https://twitter.com/ASE_Astronauts/status/1617281003692728320
https://twitter.com/NASA_APPEL/status/1613600443350777856
https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1620318588698591232
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #661 dnia: Styczeń 25, 2023, 06:27 »
30 lat temu, 24 stycznia 1993 roku, wystartował Sojuz TM-16

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1993 January 24 - . 05:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U2.

Soyuz TM-16 - . Call Sign: Vulkan (Volcano ). Crew: Manakov, Poleshchuk. Backup Crew: Serebrov, Tsibliyev. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 101. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Manakov, Poleshchuk, Serebrov, Tsibliyev. Agency: RAKA. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-16. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 179.03 days. Decay Date: 1993-07-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 22319 . COSPAR: 1993-005A. Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Perigee: 393 km (244 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min.
http://www.astronautix.com/j/january24.html

Manned two crew. Mir Expedition EO-13. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station a crew of the thirteenth main expedition comprising the cosmonauts G M Manakov and A F Poleschuk.The Soyuz carried the APAS androgynous docking system instead of the usual probe system.
https://twitter.com/ASE_Astronauts/status/1617900209643683846
http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm16.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuztm-16.html
https://www.gctc.ru/main.php?id=6092
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3792.msg136555#msg136555
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #663 dnia: Styczeń 29, 2023, 12:02 »
25 lat temu, 29 stycznia 1998 roku, wystartował Sojuz TM-27.
W skład załogi wchodził francuski astronauta Léopold Paul Pierre Eyharts.

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1998 January 29 - . 16:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U-PVB.

Soyuz TM-27 - . Call Sign: Kristall. Crew: Budarin, Eyharts, Musabayev. Backup Crew: Afanasyev, Haignere, Treshchev. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 76. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Afanasyev, Budarin, Eyharts, Haignere, Musabayev, Treshchev. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-27 Mir Pegase, STS-86 Mir NASA-5, STS-89, STS-89 Mir NASA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 207.53 days. Decay Date: 1998-08-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 25146 . COSPAR: 1998-004A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 91.90 min.

Soyuz TM-27 carried the Mir EO-25 crew and French astronaut Leopold Eyharts. NASA and the Russian Space Agency had hoped Soyuz TM-27 could dock with Mir while Endeavour was still there, resulting in an on-board crew of 13, a record which would have stood for years or decades. But the French vetoed this, saying the commotion and time wasted would ruin Eyharts Pegase experimental programme. Soyuz TM-27 docked at the Kvant module port at 17:54 GMT on January 31, 1998, less than five hours before Endeavour landed in Florida.

Solovyov handed over command of Mir to EO-25 commander Musabayev, and the Mir EO-24 crew and Eyharts undocked from the forward port of Mir at 05:52 GMT on February 19 aboard the Soyuz TM-26 for their return home. On February 20, the EO-25 crew and Andy Thomas of the NASA-7 mission boarded Soyuz TM-27 and undocked from the Kvant port at 08:48 GMT. They redocked with the forward port on Mir at 09:32 GMT. This freed up the Kvant port for a test redocking of the Progress M-37 cargo ship, parked in a following orbit with Mir during the crew transfer.
http://www.astronautix.com/j/january29.html

https://www.gctc.ru/main.php?id=6104
http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm27.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuztm-27.html
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Pegase
https://twitter.com/ESA_History/status/1619628541452197888
https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1619594945240637440
« Ostatnia zmiana: Styczeń 30, 2024, 03:20 wysłana przez Orionid »

Polskie Forum Astronautyczne

Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #663 dnia: Styczeń 29, 2023, 12:02 »

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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #664 dnia: Luty 01, 2023, 09:25 »
65 lat temu, 1 lutego 1958 roku, doszło do pierwszego kosmicznego startu USA (Explorer 1).

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1958 February 1 - . 03:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26A. LV Family: Redstone. Launch Vehicle: Jupiter C.

Explorer 1 - . Payload: Explorer A. Mass: 5.00 kg (11.00 lb). Nation: USA. Related Persons: von Braun. Agency: US Army. Program: Explorer. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Explorer. Spacecraft: Explorer A. Decay Date: 1970-03-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 4 . COSPAR: 1958-Alpha-1. Apogee: 1,859 km (1,155 mi). Perigee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 33.20 deg. Period: 107.20 min.

Explorer I, the first U.S. earth satellite, was launched by a modified Army Ballistic Missile Agency Jupiter-C. Explorer I, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, carried the U.S.-IGY (International Geophysical Year) experiment of James A. Van Allen and resulted in the discovery of the radiation belt around the earth.
http://www.astronautix.com/f/february01.html

https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1752708322023846287
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1752756551591293282
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1 February 1958. 03.48.00 UTC/GMT. Launch of Explorer 1 from Cape Canaveral LC-26A. First successful American satellite in orbit as part of the U.S. participation in the International Geophysical Year, detected the Van Allen radiation belt returning data for nearly four months.
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1752756610621980869
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Juno-1 satellite launch vehicle number RS-29 marked UE, ready for the launch of Explorer 1 from Launch Complex 26A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
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Célébration des 10 ans. Et pour les 15 et 20 ans, Explorer 1 a droit à deux enveloppes dans la prestigieuse série d'enveloppes Milestones of Flight (les n° 3 et 59)
(mon article sur cette collection)
https://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2012/03/serie-denveloppes-milestones-of-flight.html
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1620319047756967943

https://astromart.com/news/show/first-us-satellite-explorer-i-65-years-ago-today
https://archive.org/details/1958-02-03_First_US_Satellite_Launched
2018  https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=800.msg114778#msg114778
2019 https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=800.msg128208#msg128208
AA https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3164.msg116246#msg116246
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #665 dnia: Luty 03, 2023, 11:21 »
46 lat temu, 3 lutego 1977 roku po wykonaniu 12 188 orbit wokół Ziemi,  stacja orbitalna  Salut 4 została zdeorbitowana.

https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1621200941734043649

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/salyut-4.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/s/salyut4.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_4
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salut_4
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A total of three crews were orbited with Salyut 4 between 1974 and 1977.
http://geoinfo.amu.edu.pl/wpk/rst/rst/intro/Part1_12.html

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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #666 dnia: Luty 04, 2023, 19:27 »
25 lat temu, 4 lutego 1998 roku, Ariane-44LP H10-3 wyniosła 2 satelity telekomunikacyjne Brasilsat B3 i Inmarsat 3 F-5.

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1998 February 4 - . 23:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP.

Brasilsat B3 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,770 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Embratel. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 25152 . COSPAR: 1998-006A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 84.0 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 84 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 84.03 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 84.07W drifting at 0.013W degrees per day..

Inmarsat 3 F5 - . Mass: 1,021 kg (2,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: RCA. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 4000. USAF Sat Cat: 25153 . COSPAR: 1998-006B. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.50 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 25.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 25 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 24 July 2001 located at 25.09 deg E drifting at 0.020 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 25.07E drifting at 0.017W degrees per day..
http://www.astronautix.com/f/february04.html



https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/inmarsat-3.htm
https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/brasilsat-b.htm
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #667 dnia: Luty 10, 2023, 19:18 »
26 lat temu, 10.02.1997 o 14:09 wystartował Sojuz TM-25 z Niemcem Reinholdem Ewaldem.
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/MIR_97
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1997 February 10 - . 14:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U-PVB.

Soyuz TM-25 - . Call Sign: Sirius (Sirius ). Crew: Ewald, Lazutkin, Tsibliyev. Backup Crew: Dezhurov, Padalka, Schlegel. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 74. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Dezhurov, Ewald, Lazutkin, Padalka, Schlegel, Tsibliyev. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-25, Soyuz TM-25 Mir 97, STS-81 Mir NASA-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 184.92 days. Decay Date: 1997-08-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 24717 . COSPAR: 1997-003A. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Perigee: 385 km (239 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.30 min. Mir Expedition EO-23. Soyuz TM-25 docked with Mir at the forward port on February 12 at 15:51:13 GMT..
http://www.astronautix.com/f/february10.html

Wkrótce potem nastąpił dramatyczny pożar na Mirze
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=800.msg174884#msg174884
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3104.msg121787#msg121787

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#OTD 10 February 1997, launch of German astronaut Reinhold Ewald on the 20-day Russian-German Mir 97 mission
👉 https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/MIR_97
https://x.com/ESA_History/status/1756264244515832318
https://twitter.com/esaspaceflight/status/1756354714646487330
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One more reason to celebrate European spaceflight history today! 🎉 27 years ago, German astronaut Reinhold Ewald launched on the 20-day Russian-German Mir 97 mission 🚀 @esa@ESA_History
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und Glückwünsche an meinen lieben Freund und Kollegen @ReinholdEwald zum 27. Starttag 🚀.

http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-tm25.htm
http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuztm-25.html
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #668 dnia: Luty 10, 2023, 22:27 »
Zbiór ogólnych/historycznych publikacji na temat różnych projektów załogowych lotów kosmicznych ESA
https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_Publications/Human_spaceflight_publications
https://twitter.com/ESA_History/status/1622920264488026112
Publikacje o astronautach ESA i ich misjach
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3483.msg181830#msg181830
« Ostatnia zmiana: Luty 10, 2023, 22:29 wysłana przez Orionid »

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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #669 dnia: Luty 12, 2023, 12:33 »
18 lat temu nastąpił pierwszy udany start wariantu RN Ariane 5 ECA

Drugi start nowej Ariane
  12.02.2005 o 21:03:08,3 z Kourou wystartowała rakieta Ariane-5 ECA, która wyniosła w T+ 24' 30" na orbitę o parametrach: hp=250 km, ha=35821 km, i=6,98°europejskiego wojskowego satelitę łączności XTAR-EUR (docelowa orbita GEO nad 29° E), minisatelitę technologicznego Sloshsat-FLEVO (Facility for Liquid Experimentation and Verification in Orbit) oraz nieoddzielany od ostatniego stopnia rakiety balast MaqSat-B2 o masie 3000 kg. Był to pierwszy udany lot tego modelu RN po katastrofie pierwszego egzemplarza w grudniu 2002 roku.
http://lk.astronautilus.pl/n021201.htm#06

https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1756739074621063341
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12 February 2005. 21:03 UTC/GMT. First successful launch of the Ariane 5 ECA, from French Guiana. Carrying XTAR-EUR (Spanish Communication Satellite), Maqsat-B2 (European Navigation Technology Satellite) and SLOSHAT (Netherlands Navigation Technology satellite).
https://twitter.com/ESA_History/status/1756988770711212326
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#OTD 12 February 2005, first successful flight of #Ariane5 ECA V164 from @EuropeSpacePort
 with payloads XTAR-EUR, Sloshsat FLEVO minisatellite & Maqsat B2 instrumented model
👉https://esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Ariane_5_launches_from_Europe_s_Spaceport

https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Enhanced_Ariane_5_demonstrates_heavy-lift_capability
https://www.esa.int/esatv/Videos/2005/02/ARIANE_5_V164_Launch_Highlights

XTAR EUR  https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/xtar-eur.htm
MaqSat B2  https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/maqsat-b2.htm
Sloshsat-FLEVO  https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sloshsat-flevo.htm
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #670 dnia: Luty 14, 2023, 19:13 »
60 lat temu, 14.02.1963 o 05:35 z wyrzutni LC-17B na Przylądku Canaveral została wystrzelona  RN Delta-B, która wyniosła na orbitę satelitę telekomunikacyjnego Syncom 1 , który jako pierwszy w historii miał osiągnąć orbitę geostacjonarną.
Około 5 godzin po wystrzeleniu silnik, który miał wynieść satelitę na pożądaną trajektorię, otrzymał polecenie uruchomienia.
Po 20 sekundach, kiedy silnik zakończył pracę, kontakt z satelitą został utracony.
NASA uznała, że satelita został wytrącony ze swojej osi obrotu podczas uruchomienia silnika.
Wkrótce obliczono, że początkowa orbita Syncoma 1 wynosiła: hp=34 186 km, ha=37 021 km, t=1425,50 min
Satelity Syncom mają kształt cylindryczny o średnicy 71 cm i wysokości 39 cm oraz masę 68 kg.

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1963 February 14 - . 05:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Thor Delta B.

Syncom 1 - . Payload: Syncom 1. Mass: 39 kg (85 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Greenbelt. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: HS 301. Spacecraft: Syncom. Completed Operations Date: 1963-02-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 553 . COSPAR: 1963-004A. Apogee: 36,739 km (22,828 mi). Perigee: 34,392 km (21,370 mi). Inclination: 33.30 deg. Period: 1,425.50 min.

During firing of the apogee kick motor, contact was lost with the satellite. Syncom (Synchronous Communications) was a NASA project supported by DoD ground stations and communications experiments. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Four score. Last known longitude (10 March 1987) 172.58 deg E drifting at 2.429 deg E per day.
http://www.astronautix.com/f/february14.html
http://www.astronautix.com/s/syncom.html
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1757546015916233075
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14 February 1963. Launch of Syncom 1, the first intended geosynchronous communications satellite. Launched from Cape Canaveral by a the Delta B #16 launch vehicle, it was was lost on the way to geosynchronous orbit due to an electronics failure.

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncom_1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncom
https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/syncom-1.htm
https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-004A
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #671 dnia: Luty 16, 2023, 19:29 »
62 lata temu, 16.02.1961 o 13:05 z wyrzutni LA-3 na wyspie Wallops została wystrzelona RN Scout-X1, która wyniosła na orbitę o parametrach: hp= 757 km, ha=2 433 km km, i=38.80°, t=118.00 min satelitę naukowego Explorer 9 przeznaczonego do badania gęstości atmosfery.
Explorer 9 był pierwszym z serii nadmuchiwanych kul o wymiarze 3,66 m, która została z sukcesem umieszczona na orbicie.
Satelita zbudowany był z naprzemiennych warstw folii aluminiowej i mylarowej.
Kula podczas startu znajdowała się w tubie o średnicy 21,6 cm i długości 48,3 cm i  była zintegrowana z górną częścią czwartego stopnia rakiety nośnej.
Explorer 9 był pierwszym satelitą umieszczonym na orbicie przez rakietę w całości napędzaną stałymi materiałami pędnymi oraz pierwszym obiektem orbitalnym pomyślnie wystrzelonym z wyspy Wallops.
Satelita spłonął w gęstych warstwach atmosfery 9 kwietnia 1964 roku.
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1961 February 16 - . 13:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: Wallops Island LA3. LV Family: Scout. Launch Vehicle: Scout X-1.
Explorer 9 - . Payload: S-56A. Mass: 7.00 kg (15.40 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Program: Explorer. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft: S-56. Decay Date: 1964-04-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 81 . COSPAR: 1961-Delta-1. Apogee: 2,433 km (1,511 mi). Perigee: 757 km (470 mi). Inclination: 38.80 deg. Period: 118.00 min. 12 foot dia. balloon; atmospheric density studies. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B).
http://www.astronautix.com/e/explorer.html

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/explorer_ad.htm
https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-004A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_9
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_9
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1626248031590055942
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1758245797517218088
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16 February 1961. 13.05.00 UTC/GMT. Launch of Explorer 9 (S56A). US  satellite for atmospheric density measurements, first satellite launched from Wallops Flight Facility, LA-3 and first satellite boosted by a Scout X-1 (ST-4) solid-fuel rocket.
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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #672 dnia: Luty 17, 2023, 18:05 »
50 lat temu, 17 lutego 1973 roku, Załogowe Centrum Statków Kosmicznych w Houston (gdzie znajduje się Centrum Szkolenia Astronautów i Centrum Kontroli Misji) zmieniło nazwę na Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC).
Pierwszym dyrektorem Manned Spacecraft Center  został w 1961 roku Robert R. Gilruth.

50 Years Ago: The Manned Spacecraft Center Renamed NASA’s Johnson Space Center
Feb 17, 2023


Former First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson stands to the right of the bust of her late husband, President Lyndon B. Johnson, as her family and former NASA Administrator James E. Webb look on, during the August 1973 dedication ceremony at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston.

On Feb. 17, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon signed Senate Joint Resolution 37, sponsored by Texas Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen, designating the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) in Houston as NASA’s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC), in honor of the 36th President who died the previous Jan. 22 at age 64. In a statement accompanying the signing, President Nixon said, “Few men in our time have better understood the value of space exploration than Lyndon Johnson.” Center Director Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., said of the decision, “We are pleased and proud to have our Center bear this great American’s name.” The President’s widow Lady Bird Johnson attended the formal dedication ceremony at JSC in August 1973. (...)
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-the-manned-spacecraft-center-renamed-nasas-johnson-space-center

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/45-years-ago-president-names-johnson-space-center/
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-lbjs-surprise-visit-to-the-manned-spacecraft-center
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/about/history/jsc50/index.html
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/index.html
http://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2012/10/programme-apollo-le-boilerplate-expose.html?m=0
http://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2012/10/les-t-38n-talon-devant-le-space-center.html?m=0
https://spacemen1969.blogspot.com/2014/01/les-nouvelles-salles-du-mission-control.html?m=1
p https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3483.msg181713#msg181713
https://twitter.com/NASA_Johnson/status/1626599759556542468
https://twitter.com/NASA_Johnson/status/1626282150374047746
« Ostatnia zmiana: Luty 17, 2024, 09:33 wysłana przez Orionid »

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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #673 dnia: Luty 18, 2023, 15:57 »
58 lat temu, 17.02.1965 o 17:05 z wyrzutni LC-12 na Cape Canaveral została wystrzelona RN Atlas-LV3 Agena-B, która wyniosła sondę księżycową Ranger 8.
Próbnik po dotarciu do Księżyca wykonał w ciągu 23 minut 7137 wysokiej rozdzielczości zdjęć powierzchni Księżyca zanim uderzył w powierzchnię Księżyca o godzinie 09:57:37 UTC  20 lutego 1965 roku.
Uderzenie miało miejsce w obszarze Mare Tranquillitatis (2,67°N, 24,65°E).
Prędkość zderzenia wynosiła ok. 2,68 km/s.
Była to druga udana misja z serii Ranger, po Ranger 7 .

Sonda składała się z sześciokątnej aluminiowej podstawy o średnicy 1,5 m, na której zamontowano jednostki napędowe i zasilające, zwieńczonej ściętą stożkową wieżą, w której znajdowały się kamery telewizyjne.
Próbnik przewoził sześć kamer telewizyjnych Vidicon, 2 szerokokątne i 4 wąskokątne.

Całkowita wysokość statku kosmicznego miała 3,6 m, a jego masa wynosiła 366,87 kg.
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1965 February 17 - . 17:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B.

Ranger 8 - . Payload: RA-8. Mass: 366 kg (806 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: JPL, NASA. Program: Ranger. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Ranger. Spacecraft: Ranger 6-7-8-9. Decay Date: 1965-02-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 1086 . COSPAR: 1965-010A.

Returned 7137 photos before lunar impact. The Atlas- Agena B booster injected the Agena and Ranger 8 into an Earth parking orbit at 185 km altitude 7 minutes after launch. Fourteen minutes later a 90 second burn of the Agena put the spacecraft into lunar transfer trajectory, and several minutes later the Ranger and Agena separated. The Ranger solar panels were deployed, attitude control activated, and spacecraft transmissions switched from the omni-directional antenna to the high-gain antenna by 21:30 GMT. On 18 February at a distance of 160,000 km from Earth the planned mid-course manoeuvre took place, involving reorientation and a 59 second rocket burn. During the 27 minute manoeuvre, spacecraft transmitter power dropped severely, so that lock was lost on all telemetry channels. This continued intermittently until the rocket burn, at which time power returned to normal. The telemetry dropout had no serious effects on the mission. A planned terminal sequence to point the cameras more in the direction of flight just before reaching the Moon was cancelled to allow the cameras to cover a greater area of the Moon's surface.

Ranger 8 reached the Moon on 20 February 1965. The first image was taken at 9:34:32 GMT at an altitude of 2510 km. Transmission of 7,137 photographs of good quality occurred over the final 23 minutes of flight. The final image taken before impact has a resolution of 1.5 meters. The spacecraft encountered the lunar surface in a direct hyperbolic trajectory, with incoming asymptotic direction at an angle of -13.6 degrees from the lunar equator. The orbit plane was inclined 16.5 degrees to the lunar equator. After 64.9 hours of flight, impact occurred at 09:57:36.756 GMT on 20 February 1965 in Mare Tranquillitatis at approximately 2.67 degrees N, 24.65 degrees E. Impact velocity was slightly less than 2.68 km/s.
http://www.astronautix.com/f/february17.html


Last image taken by Ranger 8 camera-A from a distance of 4.2 km, 2 seconds before impact on February 20, 1965. The area shown is at 2.7 N, 24.55 E and the image is about 1.4 km across. The right side of the image is missing because Ranger 8 crashed before completing transmission. (JPL/NASA)
https://www.drewexmachina.com/2015/02/17/50-years-ago-today-the-launch-of-ranger-8/
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1628188355371335681
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1758561910335685057
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17 February 1965. 17.05.00 UTC/GMT. Launch of Ranger 8 from Cape Canaveral LC-12. US spacecraft designed to achieve a lunar impact trajectory and to transmit high-resolution photographs of the lunar surface during the final minutes of flight up to impact. (Slow motion film).
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1758973116091367752
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On this day in 1965, the Ranger 8 spacecraft launched on a mission to the Moon. It took more than 7,000 high-resolution images of the Moon before impacting the lunar surface.

2)
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1759652500892692828
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20 February 1965. Ranger 8, US spacecraft designed to achieve a lunar impact trajectory and transmit high-resolution photographs of the lunar surface during final minutes of flight, impacted Mare Tranquillitatis. Velocity approximately 6,000 mph. Crater approximately 40 ft. wide.

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-8/in-depth/
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-8
http://www.astronautix.com/r/ranger6-7-8-9.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranger_8
https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ranger_bl3.htm
« Ostatnia zmiana: Luty 20, 2024, 04:11 wysłana przez Orionid »

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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #674 dnia: Luty 18, 2023, 23:07 »
46 lat temu, 18 lutego 1977 roku, z bazy Edwards po raz pierwszy wzbił się w powietrze Enterprise na grzbiecie NASA Shuttle Carrier Aircraft

p 2021 https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=800.msg169532#msg169532
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1626967278003658753
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#OTD in 1977, Enterprise, the Space Shuttle prototype, took to the skies for the first time perched atop a NASA Shuttle Carrier Aircraft high above what is now @NASAArmstrong in Edwards, CA.
Learn more about these early Shuttle tests: https://go.nasa.gov/3ltHoMa
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1758943774959353865
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18 February 1977. First flight of Space Shuttle Enterprise (unmanned) atop Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier flown by Cdr. Fitzhugh Fulton, Plt. Thomas C. McMurty, Engnrs. Louis Guidry and Victor Horton. Measured structural loads, ground handling and braking characteristics of system.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070034952
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20070034952/downloads/20070034952.pdf

Rozdział 6 z pracy zbiorowej NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center’s Contributions to the Space Shuttle Program o testach lotnych Enterprise:

6: Free Enterprise: The Approach and Landing Test Program and the Development of the Space Shuttle Orbiter
Peter W. Merlin JT3 Edwards Air Force Base

Abstract:

OV-101, the prototype space shuttle orbiter (Enterprise), underwent a series of captive carry flights, followed by five free-flights, all released from the Boeing 747 shuttle carrier aircraft for the Approach and Landing Tests. These tests confirmed some assumptions and certain systems on board, while revealing some problems.

Keywords:

Fred W. Haise Jr.; C. Gordon Fullerton; Joe H. Engle; Richard H. Truly; Fitzhugh L. “Fitz” Fulton Jr.; Thomas C. McMurtry; 747-100

The space shuttle orbiter was the first spacecraft designed with the aerodynamic characteristics and inatmosphere handling qualities of a conventional airplane. In order to evaluate the orbiter’s aerodynamic flight control systems and subsonic handling characteristics, and to test various systems on board the vehicle, the Flight Research Center undertook a series of flight tests, known as the Approach and Landing Test (ALT) program, at Edwards Air Force Base, CA, in 1977. The ALT program demonstrated the ability to safely approach and land an orbital flight vehicle from space. NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) managed the program, while the test flights were conducted at the Flight Research Center and the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC). The Edwards test site was selected because it included an instrumented test range (the Western Aeronautical Test Range) with an extensive safety buffer zone and a 44 square-mile dry lakebed capable of supporting the landing weight of the space shuttle orbiter, and in part because the Center had an extensive history of successfully flighttesting extraordinary aircraft, including the world’s first exo atmospheric vehicle, the X-15, and all of the lifting bodies. The Center had also conducted preliminary approach and landing tests using different aircraft with a shuttle-like vehicle in mind, before the shuttle was selected.
c.d. WP https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5004.msg181923#msg181923
https://www.nasa.gov/history/history-publications-and-resources/nasa-history-series/nasa-armstrong-flight-research-centers-contributions-to-the-space-shuttle-program-ppzyz/
« Ostatnia zmiana: Luty 18, 2024, 10:31 wysłana przez Orionid »

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Odp: Kalendarium historycznych wydarzeń
« Odpowiedź #674 dnia: Luty 18, 2023, 23:07 »