Polskie Forum Astronautyczne
Kalendaria => Kalendaria: Inne wydarzenia => Wątek zaczęty przez: Orionid w Września 23, 2023, 12:38
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W tym wątku powinny być różne nie związane bezpośrednio z astronautyką czy Kosmosem wydarzenia takie jak filmy s-f, nauka, wynalazki i ewentualnie inne.
Inspiracją do tytułu wątku był cykl artykułów Stanisława Lema w miesięczniku Odra w ostatnim okresie życia pisarza.
https://solaris.lem.pl/home/czytelnia/artykuly/240-rozwazania-sylwiczne25
19.09.1982 po raz pierwszy użyto emotikona. Był to znaczek ":-)". Został użyty o godzinie 11:43 przez profesora Scotta Fahlmana z Carnegie Mellon University.
Ten system emotikonów bardzo stał się popularny na różnych forach.
https://twitter.com/lata8290/status/1704052234437181907
Powyższa wiadomość jest chyba z tej ostatniej kategorii, ale znalazła również astronautyczny kontekst.
https://emojio.pl/man-astronaut/
Przykładowy fragment TT (X), wykorzystującego zdarzenie sprzed 41 lat.
Jak widać nastąpił duży rozwój systemu emotikonów.
A zaczęło się 41 lat temu.
🚀 Liftoff at ~04:13UTC on September 17, Long March 2D Y83 successfully launched another group of Yaogan-39 satellites
https://twitter.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1703270038692897227https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sef/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fahlman
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28.08.2013 film „Grawitacja” [Gravity] otworzył 70. Międzynarodowy Festiwal Filmowy w Wenecji.
04.10.2013 odbyła się premiera filmu w USA.
„Grawitacja” stała się 8. najbardziej dochodowym filmem w 2013.
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1226.msg53421#msg53421
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1471.0
4 octobre 2013
Il y a exactement 10 ans sortait aux USA le film Gravity
(il faudra attendre le 23 octobre en France)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1709558100385059235
http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-100313a.html
https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gravity-2013
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/dec/17/best-films-2013-gravity-sandra-bullock
https://musingsofamiddleagedgeek.blog/2023/01/21/still-feeling-gravity-2013-ten-years-later/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film))
2) 30.09.1975 Czechosłowacja wydała serię znaczków o tematyce kosmicznej.
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:08 AM · Sep 30, 2025
30 septembre 1975
Il y a 50 ans, était émise une magnifique série spatiale par la Tchécoslovaquie
https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1972785457290506713
3) 30.09.2000 pieczęć wystawy filatelistycznej w Wasau (Wisconsin).
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:11 AM · Sep 30, 2025
30 septembre 2000
Il y a 25 ans, cachet de l'exposition philatélique de Wasau (Wisconsin)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1972786212298703040
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23.10.1979 zespół The Police nagrał teledysk „Walking On The Moon”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_on_the_Moon
#OTD 44 years ago, 23 October 1979, @OfficialSting, @asummersmusic and @copelandmusic, AKA @ThePoliceBand, filmed their iconic music video 'Walking On The Moon' at @NASAKennedy@ExploreSpaceKSC #ThePolice
https://twitter.com/ESA_History/status/1716408988118454467
2) 02.10.1985 Dżibuti wydało serię 3 znaczków o tematyce astronautycznej.
Artysta: Louis Arquer
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:03 AM · Oct 2, 2025
2 octobre 1985
Il y a 40 ans, émission d'une jolie série de 3 timbres par Djibouti - artiste : Louis Arquer
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1973508975388926256
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30.10.1938 sieć radiowa CBS wyemitowała w wigilię Halloween adaptację powieści HG Wellsa „Wojna światów”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds_(1938_radio_drama) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds_(1938_radio_drama))
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/infamous-war-worlds-radio-broadcast-was-magnificent-fluke-180955180/
https://www.neh.gov/article/fake-news-orson-welles-war-worlds-80
85 years ago today, Orson Welles' "War of the Worlds" didn't actually trick listeners into thinking the alien invasion was real due to the radio drama's format as a news broadcast.
@AirSpacePod explores the myth of the "War of the Worlds" panic: https://s.si.edu/3DkIDCC
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1719085396397879759
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11.1958 ukazał się magazyn S-F z okładką autorstwa Johna Pedersona Jr.
er novembre 1958
Il y a 65 ans paraissait ce magazine avec une superbe couverture de John Pederson, Jr qui est à mon avis l'un des plus grands artistes ''spatiaux'' américains de l'âge d'or de la SF (mais hélas totalement inconnu ou presque)🚀🚀 🚀
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1719612989438050581
https://fineart.ha.com/itm/paintings/john-pederson-jr-american-20th-century-kings-who-die-c1962-oil-on-illustration-boar
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_195711.jpg
https://www.invaluable.com/artist/pederson-jr-john-g5i10tszan/
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22.11.1963: dzień, który wstrząsnął światem.
JFK - polityczny inicjator programu Apollo.
ça s'est passé un 22 novembre 1963 à Dallas, il y a 60 ans...
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1727223134586106029
John F Kennedy - 11-22-1963
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GN-Y8XcnVJY
JFK Assassinated - 1963 | Today in History | 22 Nov 16
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I51eOeMNyKc
SPACE PROGRAM
(...) President Kennedy understood the need to restore America's confidence and intended not merely to match the Soviets, but surpass them. On May 25, 1961, he stood before Congress to deliver a special message on "urgent national needs." He asked for an additional $7 billion to $9 billion over the next five years for the space program, proclaiming that "this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth." President Kennedy settled upon this dramatic goal as a means of focusing and mobilizing the nation's lagging space efforts. (...)
https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/space-program
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=151.msg1100#msg1100
https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=1930.msg70910#msg70910
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1727344280644059305
On the 60th anniversary of his assassination, we pause to remember President John F. Kennedy, whose challenge to land astronauts on the Moon by the end of the decade gave NASA its early focus.
On the evening of July 20, 1969, an anonymous citizen placed a small bouquet of flowers on Kennedy's grave with a note that read, "Mr. President, the Eagle has landed."
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1727425571787792437
Remembering President John F. Kennedy on the anniversary of his death. JFK's call for human exploration of the Moon set us on our path to Apollo and the first crewed lunar landing: https://s.si.edu/4663ars
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06.12.1917 Eksplozja w Halifax.
Katastrofa morska w Halifax w Nowej Szkocji w Kanadzie.
Francuski statek towarowy SS Mont-Blanc załadowany materiałami wybuchowymi zderzył się w cieśninie Narrows z norweskim statkiem SS Imo.
Potwierdzono śmierć 1782 osób.
Szacuje się, że moc eksplozji była równoważna wybuchowi 3 tysięcy ton TNT czyli ok. 1/5 mocy bomby jądrowej zrzuconej na Hiroszimę.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Explosion
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksplozja_w_Halifaksie
https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/what-see-do/halifax-explosion
https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/the-world-s-largest-pre-atomic-explosion-halifax-harbour-1917/
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1732091526774243567
6 December 1917. The Halifax Explosion was a maritime disaster in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. On the morning of 6 December 1917, SS Mont-Blanc, a French cargo ship laden with high explosives, collided with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the Narrows.
Ku pamięci ponad 1800 osób zabitych i 9000 rannych w najbardziej niszczycielskiej eksplozji spowodowanej przez człowieka w epoce przedatomowej.
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1732091667165901039
6 December 1917. Halifax, Nova Scotia. In memory of more than 1,800 people killed and 9,000 injured in the most devastating man-made explosion in the pre-atomic age
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Z czasem utwór może stać się bardziej aktualny.
Grzegorz Turnau - Cichosza (1993)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m98MBACe1xk
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15.05.1975 poczta RFN wydała serię 4. znaczków przedstawiających osiągnięcia techniki (m.in. wahadłowiec z laboratorium Spacelab).
15 mai 1975...
Il y a 45 ans, la poste allemande (à l'époque, celle de la RFA = Allemagne de l'Ouest) émettait cette série de 4 timbres Industrie et Technique...
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04.05. jest świętowany Star Wars Day.
2008 pojawiły się pierwsze grupy na Facebooku, celebrujące Dzień Luke'a Skywalkera.
2011 w Toronto Underground Cinema odbyły się pierwsze zorganizowane obchody Dnia Gwiezdnych Wojen.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Day
'The Force Awakens' in space: Astronauts to watch Star Wars on station
Dec. 17, 2015 — As it turns out, the allure of "The Force" can out pull even the force of gravity.
http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121715a-star-wars-space-station.html
https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/star-wars-day-n353236
https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/25/16817540/star-wars-the-last-jedi-iss-nasa-astronauts
https://poznan.tvp.pl/77353305/poznan-star-wars-day-muzeum-uzbrojenia-gwiezdne-wojny
https://lodz.tvp.pl/77354793/fani-gwiezdnych-wojen-w-ec1-w-miedzynarodowym-dniu-kultowej-sagi-zdjecia
May the 4th Be With You – Jedi Orchestra & Jedi Master Andrzej Kucybała plays The Throne Room
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dydhnAi0A3E
FSO - Star Wars: Episode IV - Cantina Band (John Williams)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=am5mOVqW_bk
Star Wars i Darth Vader w Konserwatorium Moskiewskim.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IE3ReeXpAc
Gwiezdne Wojny w Polsce
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDeEV8rbG1Q
https://twitter.com/IntrepidMuseum/status/1786788002821275738
https://twitter.com/MarkHamill/status/1786720218443641299
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1786518597701120266
https://twitter.com/Reagan_Library/status/1768683596347498543
The new exhibition Star Wars and SDI: Defending America and the Galaxy is now open until September 8, 2024.
https://reaganlibrary.gov/exhibits/star-wars-and-sdi-defending-america-and-galaxy
*This exhibition, and the artifacts displayed within, is not affiliated with Disney or Lucas Films.*
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07.05.1824 IX Symfonia d-moll op. 25 Ludwiga van Beethovena miała premierowe wykonanie w wiedeńskim Theatre am Kärntnertor.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/beethoven-ninth-symphony-debuts-vienna
https://interlude.hk/200th-anniversary-of-beethovens-ninth-symphony/
Beethoven's 9th Symphony from Space - 4K - UHD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODg1oKQvm_Y
Beethoven: Symphony No 9, Op 125 (complete) & Hubble`s Universe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLynQ2ajbtk
7 mai 1824
Il y a 200 ans, la Symphonie n° 9 en ré mineur op. 25 de Ludwig van Beethoven est jouée (créée) pour la 1ère fois à Vienne.
Vous la connaissez forcément (et pas que son Ode à la joie)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1787605761566085312
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25.05.1977 Gwiezdne wojny weszły na ekrany kin.
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1794526133339205923
Today in 1977, #StarWars took us to a galaxy far, far away for the first time when the first film in the series was released, becoming one of the biggest box office hits of all time.
Explore where Air and Space and Star Wars intersect on our website: https://s.si.edu/3y387pg
https://x.com/TodayinStarWars
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06.06.1944 została przeprowadzona operacja Neptun, której celem było otwarcie drugiego frontu w Europie.
Tymczasem operacja połączenia Starlinera z ISS napotkała problem (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3848.msg191903#msg191903).
https://twitter.com/TheRealBuzz/status/1798676620586164295
The story of D-Day can be partly told in the numbers. Nearly 160,000 allied troops landed. Almost 7,000 allied ships and over 11,000 allied aircraft supporting operations. 4,400 allied dead. 2,400 American casualties at Omaha Beach. 9,387 American graves at the Normandy American Cemetery. Incalculable is the importance of D-Day as a turning point against tyranny. I’m glad to see the heroic survivors who are still with us from that day 80 years ago are recognized for their effort. #AProudSalute
https://twitter.com/SciGuySpace/status/1798671220612980863
6 juin 1944
Il y a 80 ans, c'est le Débarquement en Normandie
Il y a 60 ans, le 6 juin 1964, la poste française émettait un timbre pour les 20 ans, son premier timbre commémorant directement le Débarquement (dessiné et gravé par l'artiste Jean Pheulpin qui a signé l'enveloppe)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1798596179938218244
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-48513108
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%85dowanie_w_Normandii
https://twitter.com/ForcesNews/status/1798603126481789417
https://twitter.com/Thom_astro/status/1799470588165001635
https://x.com/airandspace/status/1798764023833415717
https://x.com/airandspace/status/1798788660860756274
https://x.com/airandspace/status/1798832745864638490
https://x.com/darrengrimes_/status/1798660846194753977
https://x.com/DefenceHQ/status/1798595947502706786
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(2)
https://twitter.com/RealPizzaPepe/status/1798794615002202548
Incredible! 97-year-old WW2 paratrooper vet returns to Normandy to recreate his D-Day jump. 🫡🫡
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26.05.1971 na ekrany kin weszła trzecia część "Planety Małp".
"Escape from the Planet of the Apes" poster from Japan, 1971.
https://x.com/HumanoidHistory/status/1811316325496611272
https://www.filmonpaper.com/posters/escape-from-the-planet-of-the-apes-b2-japan/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_from_the_Planet_of_the_Apes
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04.08. obchodzony jest National Coast Guard Day (Narodowy Dzień Straży Przybrzeżnej) aby uczcić założenie United States Coast Guard 04.08.1790 wtedy pod nazwą Revenue-Marine.
https://www.awarenessdays.com/awareness-days-calendar/coast-guard-day-2024/
https://afd.defense.gov/History/Coast-Guard-Day/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Guard_Day
Let's celebrate National Coast Guard Day with the three @NASAAstronauts from the Coast Guard! ⚓
Bruce Melnick was the first Coastie in space, Daniel Burbank spent 188 days in space between 2000–2012, and Andre Douglas was selected as a backup crew member for #Artemis II!
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1820520146831643076
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Koperty okolicznościowe upamiętniające inauguracje kadencji prezydenckich.
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 5:52 PM · Jan 21, 2021
hier, avec lieu l'investiture de Joe Bien comme 46ème Président des Etats-Unis.
Cette investiture se passe, depuis 1937, un 20 janvier et exceptionnellement un 21 janvier
Avant 1937, c'était le 4 mars, soit 4 mois après l'élection. Délai jugé beaucoup trop long en 1933...
1) 04.03.1933
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 5:52 PM · Jan 21, 2021
Nous sommes en pleine période de marasme économique aux USA
Hoover très impopulaire est battu par Franklin D. Roosevelt en novembre 1932
La prise de fonction de celui-ci paraît trop longue et on décide en février 1933 que l'investiture aurait lieu le 20 janvier, à partir de 1937
Et grâce à la philatélie, on put faire un tour d'horizon de ces investitures....
D'ailleurs, c'est une des grandes thématiques des philatélistes américains, et tous les 4 ans, il y a de multiples documents réalisés - la poste elle-même joue le jeu avec des cachets spéciaux.
2) 20.01.1941
20 janvier 1937...
- Réélection et investiture de Roosevelt (pas encore trouvé de document)
20 janvier 1941
- Réélection et investiture de Roosevelt
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3) 12.04.1945, 20.01.1949
12 avril 1945...
-Décès de Roosevelt - Harry Truman, son vice-président devient le 33ème Président
20 janvier 1949
- Réélection et investiture de Truman
4) 20.01.1953, 21.01.1957
20 janvier 1953...
Investiture de Dwight Eisenhower
21 janvier 1957...
- Réélection d'Eisenhower - le 20 janvier étant un dimanche, l'investiture a lieu le lundi 21 janvier
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5) 20.01.1961, 20.01.1965
20 janvier 1961...
- Investiture de John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson, son vice-président, lui succède le 22 novembre 1963 après l'assassinat de JFK
20 janvier 1965
- Investiture de Johnson après l'élection de 1964
(la 3ème enveloppe fera polémique à l'époque)
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6) 20.01.1969, 20.01.1973
20 janvier 1969 et 1973..
Investitures de Richard Nixon
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7) 09.08.1974
9 août 1974...
Démission de Richard Nixon - le même jour, Gerald Ford devient Président
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8 ) 20.01.1977
20 janvier 1977...
- Investiture de Jimmy Carter
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9) 20.01.1981, 21.01.1985
20 janvier 1981...
21 janvier 1985 (le 20 étant un dimanche)...
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10) 20.01.1989
20 janvier 1989...
- Investiture de George Bush père
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11) 20.01.1993, 20.01.1997
20 janvier 1993 et 1997...
- Investiture de Bill Clinton
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12) 20.01.2001, 20.01.2005
20 janvier 2001 et 2005...
Investiture de George Bush fils
13) 20.01.2009, 21.01.2013
20 janvier 2009...
21 janvier 2013 (paour cause de dimanche)...
- Investiture de Barak Obama
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14) 20.01.2017
20 janvier 2017...
- Investiture de Donald Trump
20 janvier 2021
- Investiture de Joe Biden (j'attends mes premières enveloppes dans quelques jours...
On remarquera que les 3 21 janvier font suite aux 3 dimanches suite à une réélection
15) 21.01.2021
Les enveloppes de l'investiture de 2021.
Aujourd'hui, 21 janvier 2025, a lieu la nouvelle investiture, j'espère penser à mettre mes documents au plus tard d'ici 4 ans 😁😁😁
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1881378656401932563
Komentarz do zaprzysiężenia 47. prezydenta.
Who did this?
https://x.com/ItsDeanBlundell/status/1881802010166689930
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Okazja do przypomnienia obecności polskich osiągnięć technologicznych w kosmosie.
Co ciekawe, są wątpliwości ile mamy polskich satelitów.
Jeśli jednak uwzględnić misje kosmiczne z polskim udziałem to dorobek jest pokaźny.
Ministerstwo Rozwoju i Technologii @MRiTGOVPL 8:30 AM · May 2, 2025
🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱Polskie barwy narodowe sięgają czasów rządów dynastii Piastów. Odwzorowują kolory chorągwi polskiej – białego orła na czerwonym tle, są symbolem niezłomności narodu.
Dziś, 2 maja, z dumą obchodzimy Dzień Flagi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
#bialoczerwona #2maja #dzienflagi #wywiesflage
https://twitter.com/MRiTGOVPL/status/1918191224579866802
W 2008 roku George Zamka, amerykański astronauta polskiego pochodzenia, zabrał polską flagę na pokład promu kosmicznego Endeavour. To symboliczny gest, który przypomniał światu o polskich korzeniach astronauty i roli, jaką Polacy odgrywają w światowej nauce.
https://portalstrzelecki.pl/flaga-polski-w-kosmosie-i-jej-zagraniczne-blizniaczki (https://portalstrzelecki.pl/flaga-polski-w-kosmosie-i-jej-zagraniczne-blizniaczki/#:~:text=W%202008%20roku%20George%20Zamka%2C%20ameryka%C5%84ski%20astronauta%20polskiego,i%20roli%2C%20jak%C4%85%20Polacy%20odgrywaj%C4%85%20w%20%C5%9Bwiatowej%20nauce.)
https://polsa.gov.pl/polska-w-kosmosie/polska-historia-eksploracji-kosmicznej/polacy-w-kosmosie/
Polska zaczyna ofensywę w kosmosie - Krzysztof Kurdyła
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGRrAxoZ-sk&t=17s
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Polska Agencja Kosmiczna@POLSA_GOV_PL 2:44 PM · May 5, 2025
📅 Dziś świętujemy wyjątkowy dzień dla miłośników matematyki - Dzień Pierwiastka Kwadratowego 🔢✨
Czy wiesz dlaczego 5.05.2025 to wyjątkowa data? 🤔
📐 Pierwiastek kwadratowy z 25 to właśnie 5 ✔
Następny taki dzień będzie dopiero 06.06.2036, czyli za 11 lat.
https://x.com/POLSA_GOV_PL/status/1919372592034553866
There is no national holiday. People do not get a day off work.
But for a certain type of person, there are fewer more exciting days than the fourth of April 2016.
The date so written - 4/4/16 - represents just one of nine so-called Square Root Days every century. The last was celebrated on March 3 2009 and the next one will be marked on May 5 2025.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/square-root-day-there-are-only-nine-days-this-century-like-this-a6967991.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Root_Day
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Nostalgia @lata8290 8:46 AM · May 10, 2025
47 lat temu, miało miejsce rzekome lądowanie UFO w Emilcinie. Mieszkaniec wsi, Jan Wolski twierdził, że spotkał dziwne istoty oraz ich pojazd, kiedy wracał do domu przez las. Jest to jeden z najgłośniejszych w Polsce przypadków związanych z doniesieniami o spotkaniach z UFO.
https://x.com/lata8290/status/1921094414849478811
@wieslawseweryn.bsky.social @docent_ws 11:22 AM · May 10, 2023
Tu się wszystko zaczęło. Folia, natura, UFO.
@lata8290
https://x.com/docent_ws/status/1656228163976851458
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16.05.2018 odbyły się pierwsze obchody Międzynarodowego Dnia Światła, które zostały zorganizowane przez UNESCO.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Day_of_Light
Polska Agencja Kosmiczna @POLSA_GOV_PL 1:40 PM · May 16, 2025
💡 Dzisiaj obchodzimy Międzynarodowy Dzień Światła, w rocznicę pierwszego udanego użycia lasera w 1960 roku przez fizyka i inżyniera Theodore'a Maimana.
Więcej o Dniu Światła dowiecie się na jego stronie internetowej 👉 http://lightday.org
https://x.com/POLSA_GOV_PL/status/1923342842602164717
International Day of Light 16 May @IDLofficial 12:30 AM · May 16, 2025
🎉Hello World 🌎🌍🌏
Today marks the 8th edition of the @UNESCO #lightday2025 celebrating the profound impact of light science, innovation and technology in society. How will you celebrate the brilliance of light today? Tag us on socials. #lightday2025✨
https://lightday.org
https://twitter.com/IDLofficial/status/1923143857006387563
Chinese astronauts light candle with match on Tiangong space station to show flame behavior
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyXqDqB3ikc
https://www.space.com/china-tiangong-space-station-light-match-fire-microgravity
International Day of Light 16 May @IDLofficial 12:03 PM · May 16, 2025
The Lim'Optix @OpticaWorldwide Student Chapter from Limoges, France run an annual #LightDay2025 photo competition, and this year's winner is Tchanadéma Damoua with spiral smoke patterns created by a green laser beam used for surface engraving!
https://twitter.com/IDLofficial/status/1923318416414327183
International Day of Light is celebrated on 16 May each year, on the anniversary of the first successful laser surgery in 1960 by physicist and engineer, Theodore Maiman.
https://www.unesco.org/en/days/light
Light-based technologies are critical for monitoring and predicting the consequences of climate change. They are extensively used to map radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface using radiometers, scanners, and sensors placed in satellites orbiting our planet. These measurements are transmitted to ground stations where the data is converted to images that provide information on ocean currents or global carbon-dioxide distribution.
https://www.lightday.org/development
https://www.bentham.co.uk/fileadmin/uploads/bentham/Knowledge/Articles/International_Day_of_Light-Fact_Sheet.pdf
https://www.ksgr.ch/kunst#heilenistkunst
https://www.lightday.org/events
Wystosowano listy otwarte do premiera w sprawie zanieczyszczenia sztucznym światłem
28.04.2025
https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C107647%2Cwystosowano-listy-otwarte-do-premiera-w-sprawie-zanieczyszczenia-sztucznym
2) 01.07.1965 Centrum Kosmiczne im. Kennedy’ego oficjalnie zaistniało pocztowo
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:06 AM · Jul 1, 2025
1er juillet 1965
Il y a exactement 60 ans, pour les astrophilatélistes surtout, le Kennedy Space Center existe officiellement postalement avec la première utilisation d'une flamme postale non illustrée (elle le sera quelques mois plus tard)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1939807658816544808
3) 01.07.1955 okładka "Fantasy and Science Fiction" autorstwa Chesleya Bonestella.
okładka autorstwa Chesleya Bonestella
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:05 AM · Jul 1, 2025
1er juillet 1955
Il y a 70 ans, cette magnifique couverture de Chesley Bonestell
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1939807407812878451
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Physics In History @PhysInHistory
Leonardo da Vinci's handwritten geometrical drawings and notes, ca. 1508-10.
https://twitter.com/PhysInHistory/status/1934084421956899060
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Grigorij Jakowlewicz Perelman (Григорий Яковлевич Перельман) - 13.06.1966
Były profesor Instytutu Stiekłowa w Petersburgu.
Laureat wielu prestiżowych nagród matematycznych.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/23/grigory-perelman-rejects-1m-dollars
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/mar/27/perfect-rigour-grigori-perelman-review
https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/1ceu7y1/grigori_perelman_mathematician_who_refused_to/
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Jakowlewitsch_Perelman
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigorij_Perelman
Physics In History @PhysInHistory 6:39 AM · Jun 9, 2025
Grigori Perelman, mathematician who proved the Poincaré Conjecture and who refused to accept a Fields Medal and the $1,000,000 Clay Prize, spotted at a traffic signal. ✍️
https://twitter.com/PhysInHistory/status/1931934179136356506
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Physics In History @PhysInHistory
In order to seek truth, it is necessary once in the course of our life, to doubt, as far as possible, of all things.
- Principles of Philosophy (1644) by René Descartes
https://twitter.com/PhysInHistory/status/1934319597802709426
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Physics In History @PhysInHistory
In 1704, Sir Isaac Newton predicted that the world would end in 2060.
https://twitter.com/PhysInHistory/status/1935533428558184822
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01.07.2000 Poczta Kanadyjska wydała cztery znaczki, które zostały wybrane w wyniku konkursu na projekt, w którym kosmos odgrywał kluczową rolę.
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:09 AM · Jul 1, 2025
1er juillet 2000
Il y a 25 ans exactement, la poste canadienne émet 4 timbres issus d'un concours de dessin - le spatial y tient une grande place
Article complet sur cette émission ici : https://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2020/06/1er-juillet-2000-elussion-timbrons.html
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1939808413485277528
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03.07.1970 została przeprowadzona francuska eksplozja termojądrowa «Licorne».
914 kiloton, balon 500 m, atol Mururoa.
https://www.atomicarchive.com/media/photographs/testing/french/licorne.html
https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/706498/view/french-nuclear-test-licorne-illustration
https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/hydrogen-bomb/page-22.html
NUKES @atomicarchive 7:24 PM · Jul 3, 2025
French thermonuclear explosion «Licorne», 914 kilotons, balloon 500 m, Mururoa Atoll, 3 July 1970.
https://x.com/atomicarchive/status/1940824058121408530
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26.07.1895 Pierre Curie i Maria Skłodowska pobrali się.
(astronautka miała problem z pisownią imienia polskiej noblistki)
Cady Coleman @Astro_Cady 2:01 PM · Jul 26, 2025
👰♀️🤵♂️#OTD July 26, 1895 - A marriage of minds: Pierre Curie and Marja Sklodowska (Marie Curie) were wed - the pair becoming famous for their studies of ☢️radioactive substances
https://nobelprize.org/stories/women-who-changed-science/marie-curie/
https://twitter.com/Astro_Cady/status/1949077491726827533
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. (18.08.1936 Santa Monica - 16.09.2025 Utah) [89]
Bez wątpienia wielka legenda
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odkrycie_(film) (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odkrycie_(film))
“A Genius Has Passed”: Tributes Pour in for Robert Redford After His Death
By Lily Ford September 16, 2025 6:44am
Redford's long-time publicist confirmed on Tuesday that the actor-director had died at his home in the mountains of Utah, "the place he loved, surrounded by those he loved."
(https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/FotoJet-2025-09-16T140710.916.jpg?w=1920&h=1080&crop=1&resize=681%2C383)
Robert Redford in 2012, at the premiere of 'The Company You Keep' at the 69th Venice Film Festival. Gareth Cattermole/Getty
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/robert-redford-dead-reactions-hollywood-tributes-1236372457/
ABC7 Eyewitness News @ABC7 2:43 PM · Sep 16, 2025
Robert Redford, the actor and Oscar-winning filmmaker who at his peak was simultaneously one of Hollywood's most critically lauded directors and bankable leading men, has died at age 89. https://abc7.la/47L5icd
https://twitter.com/ABC7/status/1967932324944724225
2) 15.09.2025 w wieku 96. lat zmarła Jean Shayler, matka autora AIS.
Od początku do niedawna była zaangażowana w AIS.
Astro Info Service @aisoffice 10:49 AM · Sep 16, 2025
With a heavy heart, I announce the passing of my mother, Jean Shayler, yesterday (15th). Mom was 96 & involved with AIS from its earliest days until recently preparing the accounts by hand each year, helping out at school presentations & Autographica. Posts will resume shortly.
https://twitter.com/aisoffice/status/1967873344117895534
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21.09.1975 w Lizbonie rozpoczął się XXVI IAC.
Podczas kongresu, 26.09.1975, wydano serię czterech znaczków, w tym jeden upamiętniający ojców współczesnej astronautyki (Ciołkowskiego, Goddarda, Obertha i Esnault-Pelterie).
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:06 AM · Sep 21, 2025
21 septembre 1975
Il y a 50 ans débutait le 26ème Congrès de @iafastro à Lisbonne.
Pendant ce congrès, le 26, est émis une jolie série de 4 timbres dont un commémorant les pères de l'astronautique moderne (Tsiolkovski, Goddard, Oberth et Esnault-Pelterie)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1969523462952927296
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03.10.2005 miało miejsce obrączkowe zaćmienie Słońca w Portugalii, która tego samego dnia wydała pamiątkową kartkę.
We Francji było ono tylko częściowe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_October_3,_2005
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:08 AM · Oct 3, 2025
3 octobre 2005
Il y a 20 ans, une éclipse annulaire du Soleil a lieu - elle fut visible au Portugal qui émet le même jour ce superbe bloc-feuillet (en France, elle ne fut que partielle)
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1973872620887023708
2) 30.09.1950 w Paryżu rozpoczął się I Międzynarodowy Kongres Astronautyczny (trwał do 02.10.1950), zainicjowany przez Niemcy Zachodnie, Wielką Brytanię i Francję (w szczególności Alexandre'a Ananoffa).
Kongres ten doprowadził do powstania IAF w 1951.
Stephane SEBILE @spacemen1969 12:05 AM · Sep 30, 2025
30 septembre 1950
Il y a 75 ans, début du 1er Congrès International d'Astronautique à Paris (jusqu'au 2 oct) initié par la RFA, la GB et la France (surtout Alexandre Ananoff).
Ce Congrès allait conduire à la création de @iafastro en 1951.
une rétro : https://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2020/09/70eme-anniversaire-du-1er-congres.html
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1972784702646841852
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Na razie rozwinięte życie możemy badać tylko na Ziemi - jest wiele jeszcze do odkrycia.
XX wiek pozwolił w wielu aspektach wykroczyć poza obowiązujące schematy.
Dame Valerie Jane Morris Goodall (03.04.1934–01.10.2025) [91]
Jane Goodall, Who Chronicled the Social Lives of Chimps, Dies at 91
By Keith Schneider Published Oct. 1, 2025 Updated Oct. 2, 2025 Ash Wu contributed reporting.
Her discoveries as a primatologist in the 1960s about how chimpanzees behave in the wild were hailed as “one of the Western world’s great scientific achievements.”
Jane Goodall, one of the world’s most revered conservationists, who earned scientific stature and global celebrity by chronicling the distinctive behavior of wild chimpanzees in East Africa — primates that made and used tools, ate meat, held rain dances and engaged in organized warfare — died on Wednesday in Los Angeles. She was 91.
Her death, while on a speaking tour, was confirmed by the Jane Goodall Institute, whose U.S. headquarters are in Washington, D.C. When not traveling widely, she lived in Bournemouth, on the south coast of England, in her childhood home.
(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-05-jgbt/00goodall-obit-05-jgbt-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)
Dr. Goodall playing with Bahati, a 3-year-old female chimpanzee, at a sanctuary in Kenya in 1997.Credit...Jean-Marc Bouju/Associated Press
Dr. Goodall was 29 in the summer of 1963 when National Geographic magazine published her 7,500-word, 37-page account of the lives of primates she had observed in the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in what is now Tanzania. The National Geographic Society had been financially supporting her field studies there.
The article, with photographs by Hugo van Lawick, a Dutch wildlife photographer whom she later married, also described Dr. Goodall’s struggles to overcome disease, predators and frustration as she tried to get close to the chimps, working from a primitive research station along the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika.
On the scientific merits alone, her discoveries about how wild chimpanzees raised their young, established leadership, socialized and communicated broke new ground and attracted immense attention and respect among researchers. Stephen Jay Gould, the evolutionary biologist and science historian, said her work with chimpanzees “represents one of the Western world’s great scientific achievements.”
On learning of Dr. Goodall’s documented evidence that humans were not the only creatures capable of making and using tools, Louis Leakey, the paleoanthropologist and Dr. Goodall’s mentor, famously remarked, “Now we must redefine ‘tool,’ redefine ‘man,’ or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Long before focus groups, message discipline and communications plans became crucial tools in advancing high-profile careers and alerting the world to significant discoveries in and outside of science, Dr. Goodall understood the benefits of being the principal narrator and star of her own story of discovery.
In articles and books, her lucid prose carried vivid descriptions, some lighthearted, of the numerous perils she encountered in the African rainforest — malaria, leopards, crocodiles, spitting cobras and deadly giant centipedes, to name a few. Her writing gained its widest attention in three more long articles in National Geographic in the 1960s and ’70s and in three well-received books, “My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees” (1967), “In the Shadow of Man” (1971) and “Through a Window” (1990).
Dr. Goodall’s willingness to challenge scientific convention and shape the details of her research into a riveting adventure narrative about two primary subjects — the chimps and herself — turned her into a household name, in no small part thanks to the power of television.
Dr. Goodall’s gentle, knowledgeable demeanor and telegenic presence — set against the beautiful yet dangerous Gombe preserve and its playful and unpredictable primates — proved irresistible to the broadcast networks. In December 1965, CBS News aired a documentary of her work in prime time, the first in a long string of nationally and internationally televised special reports about the chimpanzees of Gombe and the courageous woman steadfastly chronicling what she called their “rich emotional life.”
In becoming one of the most famous scientists of the 20th century, Dr. Goodall also opened the door for more women in her largely male field as well as across all of science. Women, including Dian Fossey, Biruté Galdikas, Cheryl Knott and Penny Patterson, came to dominate the field of primate behavior research.
(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-01-jgbt/00goodall-obit-01-jgbt-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)
Dr. Goodall with her first husband, Hugo van Lawick, a Dutch wildlife photographer, in 1974.Credit...Associated Press
(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-bqhf/00goodall-obit-bqhf-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)
Television specials, including “Miss Goodall and the World of Chimpanzees,” originally broadcast on CBS in 1965, made Dr. Goodall a household name.Credit...CBS, via Getty Images
Most of Dr. Goodall’s observations focused on several generations of a troop of 30 to 40 chimpanzees, one of two species that are genetically closest to humans, the other being the bonobos. She named some of them — Flo, Fifi, David Greybeard — and grew to know each of them personally. She was particularly interested in their courtship, mating rituals, births and parenting.
Dr. Goodall was the first scientist to explain to the world that chimpanzee mothers are capable of giving birth only once every four and a half to six years, and that only one or two babies were produced each year by the Gombe Stream troop. She found that first-time mothers generally hid their babies from the adult males, prompting frantic displays by the males — leaping and hooting that could last five minutes. An experienced mother, however, she discovered, freely allowed males and other females to view her infant, satisfying their curiosity, in a far calmer introduction.
In her many articles, books and documentaries, Dr. Goodall explored similar signal moments in her own life. In March 1964, after a nearly yearlong courtship, she married Mr. van Lawick. Three years later, she gave birth to Hugo Eric Louis van Lawick, her only child, whom she nicknamed Grub.
(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-06-jgbt/00goodall-obit-06-jgbt-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)
Dr. Goodall, Mr. van Lawick and their son, Hugo Eric Louis van Lawick, in the ABC special “Jane Goodall and the World of Animal Behavior: The Lions of the Serengeti.”Credit...ABC, via Getty Images
But even there she drew connections to her work in the field. She explained that her parenting philosophy and strategy were based on skills and values that she had learned from the chimpanzees, particularly the sure-handed matriarch of the troop, whom she named Flo. Nevertheless, she kept Grub in a protective cage while she was in the forest with him: She feared that he might be killed and eaten by the chimps.
Dr. Goodall’s ability to weave scientific observation with the story of her own life produced a powerful drama filled with characters of all ages, sexes and species. She once told a scientific meeting that her work would have had far less resonance scientifically or emotionally if she had just referred to the proud and confident chimp known as David Greybeard by a number, as was the usual practice.
In the 1970s, Dr. Goodall began to spend less time observing chimpanzees and far more time seeking to protect them and their disappearing habitat. She made known her opposition to capturing wild chimpanzees for display in zoos or for medical research. And she traveled the world, drawing large audiences with a message of hope and confidence that the world would recognize the importance of preserving its natural resources.
The 1970s were also a period of upheaval in her personal life. In 1974, she divorced Mr. van Lawick and soon afterward married Derek Bryceson, the director of national parks in Tanzania. He died of cancer in 1980, a time she later said was perhaps the most difficult of her life.
(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-08-jgbt/00goodall-obit-08-jgbt-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)
Dr. Goodall in the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve with her mother, an author and novelist who wrote under the name Vanne Morris-Goodall.Credit...Hugo van Lawick/Jane Goodall Institute
She established the Jane Goodall Institute in 1977. It evolved into one of the world’s largest nonprofit global research and conservation organizations, with offices in the United States and 24 other nations. Its Roots and Shoots program, launched in 1991, teaches young people about conservation in 75 countries.
In honor of her work, Tanzania in 1978 designated the Gombe Stream Reserve a national park. Dr. Goodall’s institute maintains a research station there that attracts students and scientists from around the world. In 2002, the United Nations named Dr. Goodall a Messenger of Peace, the U.N.’s highest honor for global citizenship.
Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall was born in London on April 3, 1934, and grew up in Bournemouth as the older of two girls of Margaret Myfanwe (Joseph) Goodall, who was known as Vanne, and Mortimer Herbert Morris-Goodall.
Her mother was an author and novelist who wrote under the name Vanne Morris-Goodall. Her father was an engineer who raced cars for a time. The couple divorced after World War II. Vanne Goodall accompanied her daughter to the Gombe reserve at the start of Dr. Goodall’s famous study in 1960 and was a leading character in much of her daughter’s writing.
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Dr. Goodall was a child when her father gave her a stuffed monkey doll that she named Jubilee. Credit...Jane Goodall Institute
As a little girl, Jane adored Tarzan’s Jane, Dr. Doolittle and a little stuffed monkey doll, a gift from her father that she named Jubilee. Indeed, in her public appearances, Dr. Goodall almost always described her scientific findings and her international renown as a fortunate convergence of her childhood love of animals and Africa with her inquisitive and adventurous nature.
In 1956, after finishing a course in secretarial school and taking several jobs in London, she received a letter from a friend whose family owned a farm near Nairobi, Kenya. The friend invited her to join her.
Dr. Goodall jumped at the opportunity. Booking passage on a freighter to Africa, she arrived in Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, on her 23rd birthday. She was soon introduced to other expatriate Englishmen and women in Nairobi as well as to Dr. Leakey, at the time a prominent but not yet internationally renowned archaeologist.
Seven weeks after her arrival, she began work as Dr. Leakey’s secretary and assistant. Dr. Goodall accompanied him that summer to the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, a three-day trip over trackless wilderness, where he was in the early phases of excavating early human remains. He often talked about his interest in stationing a researcher on Lake Tanganyika to study a troop of wild chimpanzees that lived there.
(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-03-jgbt/00goodall-obit-03-jgbt-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)(https://static01.nyt.com/images/2025/07/22/multimedia/00goodall-obit-04-jgbt/00goodall-obit-04-jgbt-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp)
1) Dr. Goodall with one of her research subjects at the Gombe reserve in the 1970s.Credit...Bettmann, via Getty Images
2) Dr. Goodall watched young Gaia groom her mother, Gremlin, in 1998.Credit...Kristin J. Mosher/Jane Goodall Institute
Those discussions led to an agreement with Dr. Goodall that she would take on that mission. On July 14, 1960, accompanied by her mother, she arrived at Gombe, and three months later, she watched as the big, handsome adult male chimp she named David Greybeard did something no human had ever expected of an animal.
“He was squatting beside the red earth mound of a termite nest, and as I watched I saw him carefully push a long grass stem down into a hole in the mound,” she wrote. “After a moment he withdrew it and picked something from the end of it with his mouth. It was obvious that he was actually using a grass stem as a tool.”
Recognizing the contributions she was making to science, the University of Cambridge accepted her into its doctoral program in 1961 without an undergraduate degree. She was awarded her doctorate in 1965.
Dr. Goodall wrote 32 books, 15 of them for children. In her last book, “The Book of Hope: A Survival Guide for Trying Times” (2021, with Douglas Abrams and Gail Hudson), she wrote of her optimism about the future of humankind.
It was a message she continued to spread in her frequent public speaking engagements around the world, traveling some 300 days a year into her last decades, according to her institute. When she died on Wednesday, she had been scheduled to speak to students in Pasadena, Calif., and to participate in a tree-planting ceremony in an area that had been ravaged by wildfires.
Her many awards include the National Geographic Society’s Hubbard Medal, presented in 1995, and the Templeton Prize, given in 2021. In 2003, Queen Elizabeth II named her a dame of the British Empire. In January, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States’ highest civilian honor, by President Joseph R. Biden Jr.
She is survived by her son; her sister, Judy Waters; and three grandchildren.
In July 2022, Mattel released a Jane Goodall doll as part of its Barbie-branded Inspiring Women series. The doll, with blond hair and dressed in a tan field shirt and shorts, is made of recycled plastic. It honored the 62nd anniversary of Dr. Goodall’s first visit to the Gombe reserve.
“Since young girls began reading about my early life and my career with the chimps, many, many, many of them have told me that they went into conservation or animal behavior because of me,” Ms. Goodall once said in a CBS News interview. “I sincerely hope that it will help to create more interest and fascination in the natural world.”
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/01/science/earth/jane-goodall-dead.html
Dyrektor warszawskiego zoo podkreślił, że wielu badaczy kontynuuje prace dr Goodall, a badania nad małpami człekokształtnymi są prowadzone obecnie na całym świecie. – Austriacki zoolog Konrad Lorenz otworzył nam oczy na to, co dzieje się w głowach zwierząt. A Jane Goodall pokazała, że poznanie małp człekokształtnych jest ważne dlatego, że wzięliśmy się ze świata zwierząt, że z niego pochodzą nasze emocje i charaktery – podkreślił Andrzej Kruszewicz, dr weterynarii i ornitolog.
https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/jak-jane-goodall-zmienila-sposob-w-jaki-patrzymy-na-swiat-przyrody
https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C109817%2Cnie-zyje-jane-goodall-prymatolog-znana-ze-swoich-przelomowych-badan-nad
https://allegro.pl/oferta/przez-dziurke-od-klucza-jane-goodall-stan-bdb (https://allegro.pl/oferta/przez-dziurke-od-klucza-jane-goodall-stan-bdb-12456399539?srsltid=AfmBOoraPg_C5Cyfc3kx6hxWG85gFSsddoR98AO_soQPJz3KHVaZXriK)
https://lubimyczytac.pl/ksiazka/4898661/przez-dziurke-od-klucza-najwazniejsza-ksiazka-o-naszych-najblizszych-krewnych
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodall
Jimmy Fallon @jimmyfallon 9:56 PM · Oct 2, 2025
Jane Goodall was one of the most fascinating and inspiring people I have ever met. May she rest in peace knowing what good she did for this world. #ThankYouJane #RememberingJane
https://twitter.com/jimmyfallon/status/1973839422824005705
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05.11.2010 nastąpiło otwarcie dla publiczności pierwszego modułu budynku Centrum Nauki Kopernik w Warszawie (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrum_Nauki_Kopernik_w_Warszawie) razem z większością wystaw stałych.
Ciekawe czy tutaj znajdzie swoje miejsce flaga większego formatu, która poleciała w misji IGNIS.
https://www.kopernik.org.pl/aktualnosci/centrum-nauki-kopernik-15-lat-wolnosci-poznawania
https://www.facebook.com/supertata.tv/videos/spotkanie-ze-s (https://www.facebook.com/supertata.tv/videos/spotkanie-ze-s%C5%82awoszem-uzna%C5%84skim-wi%C5%9Bniewskim-w-centrum-nauki-kopernik/599506606543488/)
https://www.kopernik.org.pl/aktualnosci/polski-astronauta-leci-w-kosmos-zobaczmy-razem
https://dzieje.pl/wiadomosci/kopernik-centrum-nauki-angazujace-zwiedzajacych-otwarte-juz-15-lat
https://tvn24.pl/tvnwarszawa/srodmiescie/warszawa-centrum-nauki-kopernik-skonczylo-15-lat-tu-kazdy-eksponat-jest-zaskakujacy-i-nieoczywisty-st8736645
Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego @MNiSW_GOV__PL. Last edited 7:48 PM · Nov 5, 2025
@cnkopernik świętuje 15 urodziny! 🎂
💥 To miejsce, które od 2010 r. zmienia sposób myślenia o nauce i edukacji. Inspiruje do doświadczania, rozumienia świata i odpowiedzialnego działania.
🇪🇺 Dzięki realizacji tej wizji, CNK odwiedziło już ok. 16 mln osób. To unikalna instytucja na skalę europejską.
Podczas urodzin wiceministra @KarolinaZioloP podziękowała dyrekcji i pracownikom za ich stałe zaangażowanie. 🤝🧪
🇵🇱 Popularyzatorzy nauki wychodzą także poza warszawskie mury, realizując w całym kraju programy skierowane do szkół, bibliotek, czy domów kultury.
Cieszymy się, że jako resort możemy wspierać finansowano:
✅ Strefy Odkrywania Wyobraźni i Aktywności (SOWA) – minicentra nauki powstające w całej Polsce, zachęcające do samodzielnego eksperymentowania
✅ Nauka dla Ciebie – mobilne planetarium i wystawy docierające do najmniejszych miejscowości
Z okazji urodzin odbyła się inauguracja czasowej wystawy „Lustra. Między iluzją a rzeczywistością”.
https://x.com/MNiSW_GOV__PL/status/1986143620567634025
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James Dewey Watson (06.04.1928–06.11.2025) [97]
Współodkrywca struktury DNA, jednego z przełomowych odkryć naukowych XX wieku.
Zmarł w hospicjum gdzie został przeniesiony ze szpitala w tym tygodniu po leczeniu infekcji.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watson
James D. Watson, Co-Discoverer of the Structure of DNA, Is Dead at 97
Published Nov. 7, 2025 Updated Nov. 8, 2025, 12:44 a.m. ET
His decoding of the blueprint for life with Francis H.C. Crick made him one of the most important scientists of the 20th century. He wrote a celebrated memoir and later ignited an uproar with racist views.
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Dr. James D. Watson in 1986. He and Francis H.C. Crick shared a Nobel Prize in 1962 for their work on DNA.Credit...NYPL/Science Source
James D. Watson, who entered the pantheon of science at age 25 when he joined in the discovery of the structure of DNA, one of the most momentous breakthroughs in the history of science, died on Thursday in East Northport, N.Y., on Long Island. He was 97.
His death, in a hospice, was confirmed on Friday by his son Duncan, who said Dr. Watson was transferred to the hospice from a hospital this week after being treated there for an infection.
Dr. Watson’s role in decoding DNA, the genetic blueprint for life, would have been enough to establish him as one of the most important scientists of the 20th century. But he cemented that fame by leading the ambitious Human Genome Project and writing perhaps the most celebrated memoir in science.
For decades a famous and famously cantankerous American man of science, Dr. Watson lived on the grounds of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which, in another considerable accomplishment, he took over as director in 1968 and transformed from a relatively small establishment on Long Island with a troubled past into one of the world’s major centers of microbiology. He stepped down in 1993 and took a largely honorary position of chancellor.
But his official career there ended ignominiously in 2007 after he ignited an uproar by suggesting, in an interview with The Sunday Times in London, that Black people, over all, were not as intelligent as white people. He repeated that assertion in on-camera interviews for a PBS documentary about him, part of the “American Masters” series. When the program aired in 2018, the lab, in response, revoked honorary titles that Dr. Watson had retained.
They were far from the first incendiary, off-the-cuff comments by a man who was once described as “the Caligula of biology,” and he repudiated them immediately. Nevertheless, though he continued his biological theorizing on subjects like the roles of oxidants and antioxidants in cancer and diabetes, Dr. Watson ceased to command the scientific spotlight.
He said later that he felt that his fellow scientists had abandoned him.
Dr. Watson’s tell-all memoir, “The Double Helix,” had also provoked his colleagues when it was published in 1968, infuriating them for, in their view, elevating himself while shortchanging others who were involved in the project. Still, it was instantly hailed as a classic of the literature of science. The Library of Congress listed it, along with “The Federalist Papers” and “The Grapes of Wrath,” as one of the 88 most important American literary works. (The list was later expanded to 100.)
But it was in discerning the double-helix physical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, the chromosome-building molecule and medium of genetic inheritance, that won Dr. Watson and his co-discoverer, Francis H.C. Crick, enduring fame and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962.
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Dr. Watson, right, and Francis H.C. Crick at the University of Cambridge in the 1950s. Credit...James D. Watson Collection/Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives, via Associated Press
In 1953, when Dr. Watson and Mr. Crick (as he was known then, before earning his Ph.D.) made their discovery, relatively little was known about DNA’s structure and action. Their work opened the door to the discovery of disease-causing genetic mutations, the design of genetically modified crops, the tantalizing and terrifying new gene-splicing technology of CRISPR Cas-9, and more.
“It changed biology forever,” Bruce Stillman, who in 1994 took over from Dr. Watson as director of the Cold Spring Harbor lab, said in an interview for this obituary in 2018.
For Dr. Stillman, the discovery of DNA’s structure ranks with Darwin’s theory of evolution and Mendel’s laws of genetic inheritance. “The structure of DNA told us how inheritance occurs,” Dr. Stillman said, “but it also explained mutation and hence evolution.”
Dr. Watson came to fame in 1953, when biologists were concluding that DNA was at the center of genetic inheritance but could not say for sure what it looked like, how its information was stored, how that information was passed from generation to generation, or how it might control the actions of genes in cells.
In 1869, a Swiss biologist, Friedrich Miescher, had isolated a substance containing the DNA molecule — deoxyribonucleic acid — while studying the nucleus of white blood cells. He called the substance “nuclein” and theorized that it might have something to do with heredity.
Dr. Miescher’s name “fell into obscurity,” as researchers put it in a 2008 article in the journal Nature Education, but by the turn of the 20th century, other biologists were building on his and other findings to elucidate the molecule’s chemical components — work that fueled the ideas of Dr. Watson and Mr. Crick.
Dr. Watson had in 1951 abandoned biochemistry work in Copenhagen and moved to the Cavendish Laboratory, part of the University of Cambridge in England; he said he was determined to work with researchers there who shared his fascination with DNA, which he considered the most important subject in biology.
There he encountered Mr. Crick, who, in his 30s, almost 12 years older than Dr. Watson, had resumed pursuing his war-interrupted Ph.D. His subject was ostensibly the protein structures of hemoglobin. In fact, he, too, was obsessed with DNA.
Breach of Protocol
Working with X-ray images obtained by Rosalind E. Franklin and Maurice H.F. Wilkins, researchers at King’s College London, and after at least one humiliating false start, Dr. Watson and Mr. Crick eventually constructed a physical model of the molecule. The key came when Dr. Wilkins gave them access to certain images of Dr. Franklin’s, one of which, Photo 51, turned out to be the clue to the molecule’s structure. In what is widely — but not universally — regarded as a breach of research protocol, Dr. Wilkins provided the X-ray image to Dr. Watson and Mr. Crick without Dr. Franklin’s knowledge.
Aided by that material, the two proposed that DNA was shaped like a kind of twisted ladder whose outside “rails” were formed of molecules of sugar and phosphate. Each of the ladder’s steps was formed of two of DNA’s four chemical bases — adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Adenine always paired up with thymine, and guanine always paired up with cytosine.
Enzymes within the cell could snip this twisted ladder down the middle and, using bases from within the cell, create two new DNA molecules from one.
Eager to beat their chief rival, the American chemist Linus C. Pauling of the California Institute of Technology, Dr. Watson and Mr. Crick wrote up their discovery and hustled it into the journal Nature. Though their paper was written in the typically flat tone of science and was barely a page long, it was clear that its authors had realized that they were onto something big.
Their proposed structure “has novel features which are of considerable biological interest,” they wrote, adding, “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.”
In other words, they could explain how genetic instructions could move from one generation to the next.
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Dr. Watson received his Nobel Prize from King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1962.Credit...Scanpix Sweden, via Associated Press
In 1962, Dr. Watson, Dr. Wilkins and now Dr. Crick won the Nobel Prize for the work. (Dr. Pauling, bested in the DNA race, won the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize for his opposition to weapons of mass destruction; he had won the prize in chemistry, in 1954, for his work on chemical bonds.)
If the Watson-Crick paper were published today, Dr. Franklin would almost certainly be listed as a co-author because of the importance of her work in the development of the double-helix structure, said Nancy Hopkins, a molecular biologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who began working with Dr. Watson in the 1960s when she was an undergraduate at Harvard.
But Dr. Franklin could not have shared the Nobel when it was awarded in 1962. She died of ovarian cancer in 1958, at 37, and the prize is not given posthumously. (Nor is the prize ever shared by more than three people.)
Today, Dr. Franklin is a heroine for feminists in science, who note that, like most women at the time, she was underpaid, disrespected and often denigrated by male colleagues. Over the years, Dr. Watson played down her contribution, saying among other things that while her X-ray images were good, she did not realize what she had.
Expressing attitudes retrograde even by the standards of the 1960s, Dr. Watson famously described Dr. Franklin as a sexually repressed spinster and an unimaginative researcher. He and Dr. Wilkins called her “Rosy,” a nickname she did not use, but never to her face.
Ironically, “Jim Watson’s memoir made Rosalind Franklin famous,” said Victor K. McElheny, a science writer whose biography, “Watson and DNA: Making a Scientific Revolution,” was published in 2003. Interviewed for this obituary in 2018, he said that Dr. Franklin and Dr. Wilkins had their own papers in the same issue of Nature as the Watson-Crick bombshell. (Mr. McElheny died in July.)
Dr. Wilkins, who continued researching DNA at King’s, died in 2004. Dr. Crick eventually moved to the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., where he researched theoretical neurobiology and consciousness. He died in 2004 at 88.
Dr. Watson eventually moved from Cambridge, England, to Cambridge, Mass., where, in 1955, he accepted an appointment as assistant professor of biology at Harvard.
He was an inspiring teacher, Dr. Hopkins recalled, though he had a tendency to turn his back on his students and mumble into his blackboard. “He was so much fun to be around,” she said. “But he was easily bored, and if he was bored he would turn and walk away in the middle of a sentence.”
Dr. Watson was an astute talent-spotter among his undergraduate and graduate students, and he helped start notable research careers for more than a few of them, including women like Dr. Hopkins. Fascinated by a lecture he gave, she asked if she could work in his lab. He agreed, beginning an association that ripened into enduring friendship.
She said he told her: “‘You should be a scientist. You have the kind of mind I have, and you are just as smart as I am.’”
Over the years, he advised her on her graduate studies, she said. “Every time I would get discouraged, I would go talk to him and he would say, ‘No, you have to keep going.’”
Dr. Watson “recognized talent and supported it,” Dr. Stillman said. And, he added, unlike many senior scientists, Dr. Watson did not insist on putting his name on the papers of his graduate students or postdoctoral researchers.
But Dr. Watson’s racist remarks had “overshadowed his support of women in science,” Dr. Stillman said.
Unpopular at Harvard
Dr. Watson’s relations with the rest of the Harvard biology faculty were fraught. He offended his departmental colleagues by dismissing evolution, taxonomy, ecology and other biological research as “stamp collecting,” saying those fields must give way to the study of molecules and cells.
“I found him the most unpleasant human being I had ever met,” one of his young colleagues, the evolutionary biologist E.O. Wilson, wrote in a 1994 memoir, “Naturalist.”
It was Dr. Wilson who maintained that Dr. Watson, having achieved fame with stunning work and at an early age, had become “the Caligula of biology.”
“He was given license to say anything that came to his mind and expect to be taken seriously,” Dr. Wilson wrote. “And unfortunately, he did so, with a casual and brutal offhandedness.”
Then and later, Dr. Watson declared proudly that he was just speaking his mind. He originally chose the title “Honest Jim” for the memoir that became “The Double Helix.”
The book, written in a breezy style, was a “beautifully brash” and “intensely personal” recounting of events leading up to one of the greatest discoveries of biology, the sociologist of science Robert K. Merton wrote on the cover of The New York Times Book Review.
“I know of nothing quite like it in all the literature about scientists at work,” he wrote.
Dr. Crick’s initial reaction to the book was fury. He said Dr. Watson had focused on himself to the detriment of others involved in the project. (Dr. Hopkins said that the early versions of “The Double Helix” that Dr. Watson had given her to read “were a lot more outrageous than what was published.”)
Dr. Wilkins did not much like the book, either. He and Dr. Crick objected so strenuously that Harvard University Press dropped its plans to publish the work; it appeared instead in two installments in The Atlantic Monthly and was later published by Atheneum.
The book was a best seller. An annotated version came out in 2012, offering an even richer picture of the DNA triumph. And Dr. Crick eventually got over his anger.
At Harvard, Dr. Watson also wrote “Molecular Biology of the Gene,” his first in a series of notable textbooks. The book, now with co-authors in later editions, remains one of the most influential, widely used and admired texts in the history of biology.
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Dr. Watson in his office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island in 1999.Credit...Suzanne DeChillo/The New York Times
Dr. Watson made his first visit to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the establishment he would eventually restore to scientific prominence, in 1948. He attended meetings there with fellow researchers on the genetics of viruses that affect bacteria — bacteriophages, or phages — and over the next few years these summer meetings were repeated, attracting more researchers. Dr. Watson presented a paper there in 1953, just weeks after he and Dr. Crick had published their double helix finding.
But by 1968 when he was recruited to lead it, the lab, located in a onetime whaling port on the North Shore of Long Island, had faded from prominence. Dr. Watson more or less abandoned hands-on research to turn that situation around. With a knack for administration and fund-raising, he set the lab’s focus on microbiology aimed at understanding, diagnosing and treating the genetics of cancer. It was a prescient choice: In 1971, President Richard M. Nixon declared “war” on cancer. “And hence there was considerable funding,” Dr. Stillman said.
Dr. Watson also built up the lab’s educational offerings, established a graduate program, expanded its array of conferences and created a program for high school students studying DNA. That program is now “the largest high school laboratory program in genetics and biology in the world,” Dr. Stillman said last year.
And when researchers began to realize that it would be possible to decipher the entire sequence of genes in the human genome, Dr. Watson called them to a meeting at Cold Spring Harbor to discuss it. When the federal government established the Human Genome Project, it turned to Dr. Watson to be its first leader.
He recruited leading scientists and set the project’s agenda. For one thing, he proposed that it should first work on model organisms like the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, on the theory that this research would pay dividends down the line. It did.
He also said that the project should be an international project, with researchers from other countries, and that the American government effort should be run by the National Institutes of Health. And he insisted that 3 percent of its budget go to the study of the project’s social, moral and ethical implications. (That figure was later raised to 5 percent.)
A “working draft” was concluded in 2000 with a list of three billion letters in the human genetic code. It was hailed on June 26 in televised announcements by President Bill Clinton from the White House and Prime Minister Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street. Three years later, scientists announced the project officially over.
Dr. Watson had left the project in 1992 in a dispute over the patenting of genes, an idea that was backed by the Bush administration but was one that he despised. He was vindicated, in a way, in 2013, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that the discovery of a natural product, like a gene, did not warrant a patent — though the creation of new products from natural substances might.
“He was fundamentally opposed to the blueprint of life being patented,” Dr. Stillman said. “His view has held up.”
Son of a Debt Collector
James Dewey Watson was born in Chicago on April 6, 1928, one of two children of James Dewey Watson, a debt collector for La Salle Extension University, a correspondence school based in Chicago, and the former Jean Mitchell, who worked in the University of Chicago admissions office and was active in Democratic Party politics.
James grew up on the South Side of Chicago and attended South Shore High School. A precocious student, he was a contestant on the 1940s radio series “Quiz Kids,” broadcast from Chicago. At 15, he enrolled in the University of Chicago, and it was there that he encountered a book about biology, written for a lay audience by the quantum physicist Erwin Schrödinger. The book, “What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell,” convinced the young Watson that genes were the key component of living cells.
After graduating in 1947, he went on to graduate school at Indiana University, where he encountered two giants in the field, Hermann J. Muller and Salvador E. Luria. (Dr. Muller won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946, and Dr. Luria was similarly honored in 1969.)
Under Dr. Luria’s guidance, Dr. Watson received his doctorate in 1950. He then headed for Cambridge and fame.
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Dr. Watson, left, and Mr. Crick in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge in 1953.Credit...Camera Press Pictures
Six-foot-two, gangly and perennially rumpled, Dr. Watson fit right in at the quarters he shared with Mr. Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory, an amenity-free premises known as “The Hut.” Decades later, his disheveled hair gray and thinning, he still walked with a lurching gait, often veering awkwardly off his path when someone or something attracted his attention.
As a young man he bemoaned his single status and made no bones about the fact that he was in search of a wife. His search ended in 1968, when, about to turn 40, he married Elizabeth Lewis, a 19-year-old sophomore of Radcliffe College at Harvard. They had two sons, Rufus and Duncan. In a 2003 interview with The Guardian, Dr. Watson described Rufus’s severe mental illness, which he called a “genetic injustice.”
He often said that his son’s illness had been “a big incentive” for him to join the genome project.
His wife, an architectural preservationist, his sons and one grandson survive him.
Over the years Dr. Watson acquired a reputation for challenging scientific orthodoxy and for brash, unpleasant and even bigoted outspokenness. At one time or another he was quoted as disparaging gay men and women, girls who were not “pretty” and the intelligence and initiative generally of women, as well as of people with dark skin. At a lecture at Berkeley in 2000, he suggested a connection between exposure to sunlight and sex drive, saying it would explain why there are Latin lovers but not English lovers. And he once said that he felt bad whenever he interviewed an overweight job applicant because he knew he wasn’t going to hire someone who was fat.
Dr. Watson escaped serious consequences for his remarks until 2007, when he was traveling to promote his memoir “Avoid Boring People: Lessons From a Life in Science,” published that year. He was quoted in The Sunday Times as saying that while “there are many people of color who are very talented,” he was “inherently gloomy about the prospects of Africa.”
Social policies assume comparable intelligence levels, he went on, “whereas the testing says not really.”
The remarks provoked widespread outrage, but they stung particularly at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which early on had become known as a leader in eugenics, a theory supposedly aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human race through selective breeding. Today, eugenics is recognized as a racist enterprise that gave rise to, among other things, forced sterilization, restrictions on immigration and, in its ultimate horror in Nazi Germany, the Holocaust.
“Jim has made some very silly comments in his life,” Dr. Stillman said. “Perhaps those are the worst.”
Though Dr. Watson immediately apologized “unreservedly,” saying “there is no scientific basis for such a belief,” his remarks produced a swirl of denunciations and canceled speaking engagements. Within a week, he had resigned as chancellor of the laboratory.
For Sale: a Nobel Medal
In 2014, Dr. Watson put his Nobel medal up for auction at Christie’s, saying he would use the proceeds of the sale to provide for his family and support scientific research. But there was some speculation that the sale was a gesture of defiance directed at a scientific community that he felt had abandoned him.
A Russian billionaire, Alisher Usmanov, bought the medal for $4.1 million — and returned it to him.
In 2007, Dr. Watson became the second person to have his full genome sequenced. The first was J. Craig Venter, who as president of the Celera Corporation started a human genome sequencing project originally in competition with the government effort. Both men made their genomes available to researchers.
Today, commercial concerns sell sequencing efforts to the public. And the double helix has entered popular culture. Its image has appeared on commercial products ranging from jewelry to perfume and on postage stamps issued by countries as various as Gabon and Monaco. Salvador Dalí incorporated the image in a painting, and the performance artists who make up Blue Man Group use the image in their shows.
It has also been reproduced in countless publications, often twisting the wrong way — an error so common that researchers have built web pages about it.
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Dr. Watson, left, and Mark Walport, director of the Wellcome Trust, a British research foundation, at the Wellcome Collection museum in 2007.Credit...Jonathan Player for The New York Times
Dr. Watson was once quoted as saying that he should be played in the movies by John McEnroe, the international bad boy of tennis, but when the BBC made a movie about Dr. Watson and Dr. Crick and the double helix, the American actor Jeff Goldblum played him as a tall, stooping and gum-chewing figure. (Dr. Crick and Dr. Franklin were played by the British actors Tim Pigott-Smith and Juliet Stevenson.) The movie, “Life Story” (also known in the United States as “The Race for the Double Helix” or “Double Helix”), first ran on television in 1987.
Dr. Watson leaves an enormous scientific legacy — his work on the structure of DNA; his inaugural leadership in the sequencing of the human genome, one of the biggest and most significant international scientific efforts ever completed; the researchers he encouraged; and his work at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, now a major global institution with a string of Nobel laureates among its faculty and associates. His books, especially “The Double Helix,” will no doubt be read as long as people study biology.
When the sequencing of the genome was announced in 2000, President Clinton referred to the work as revealing God’s “book of life.” But Dr. Watson attributed his success as a researcher in part to his lack of religious belief. He once described himself as an “escapee” from the Roman Catholic faith.
“The luckiest thing that ever happened to me was that my father didn’t believe in God,” he told Discover magazine in an interview on the 50th anniversary of the publication of the double helix paper.
That was not to say he did not have faith. In his resignation statement in 2007, he referred to the “faith” in reason and social justice that he shared with his Scottish and Irish forebears, especially, he said, “the need for those on top to help care for the less fortunate.”
Kate Zernike contributed reporting.
Cornelia Dean is the author of “Making Sense of Science: Separating Substance From Spin” (2017).
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/07/science/james-watson-dead.html
2) DNA pioneer James Watson dies at 97
10 hours ago Madeline Halpert and Christal Hayes
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Nobel Prize-winning American scientist James Watson, one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA, has died aged 97.
In one of the greatest breakthroughs of the 20th Century, he identified the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953 alongside British scientist Francis Crick, setting the stage for rapid advances in molecular biology.
But Watson's reputation and standing were badly hurt by his comments on race and sex. In a TV programme, he made claims about genes causing a difference in average IQ between black and white people.
His death was confirmed by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, where he worked and researched for decades, before having to resign as its chancellor over the comments.
Watson shared the Nobel in 1962 with Maurice Wilkins and Francis Crick for the DNA's double helix structure discovery.
"We have discovered the secret of life," they said at the time.
By the early 2000s, he had been largely ostracised by the scientific community over his comments on race and gender.
In 2007, the scientist told the Times newspaper that he was "inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa", because "all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours - whereas all the testing says not really".
He apologised "unreservedly", but nevertheless, the comments led to him losing his job as chancellor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York.
Additional comments he made in 2019 - when he once again suggested a link between race and intelligence - led to the lab stripping his honorary titles of chancellor emeritus, Oliver R Grace professor emeritus and honorary trustee.
"Dr Watson's statements are reprehensible, unsupported by science," the laboratory said in a statement at the time.
DNA was discovered in 1869 but it took until 1943 for scientists to discover that it made up the genetic material in cells. Still, the structure of DNA remained a mystery.
Working with images obtained by King's College researcher Rosalind Franklin, without her knowledge, Crick and Watson were able to construct a physical model of the molecule.
Maurice Wilkins, who shared the Nobel with Crick and Watson, had worked with Franklin to determine the DNA molecule's structure. Franklin, who died in 1958, is today recognised for the integral role she played in the scientific breakthrough of DNA research, despite her work largely being written out of the story at the time.
Former colleagues have commented that Watson nurtured the careers of female scientists at Harvard in the 1950s and 60s, at a time when that was not the norm. However he also made disparaging comments about women in science, and wrote sexist remarks about Franklin, including commenting on her appearance, in his 1968 best-selling book, The Double Helix.
Watson became the first living Nobel laureate to sell his gold medal, fetching $4.8m (£3.6m) at an auction in 2014, saying he was letting go of it because he felt ostracised by the scientific community after his controversial remarks.
A Russian billionaire bought it for $4.8m and promptly gave it back to him.
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Dr Francis Crick (left) and Professor James Watson with a model of the DNA molecule whose structure they discovered in 1953
James Watson was born in Chicago in April 1928 to Jean and James, descendants of English, Scottish and Irish settlers.
He won a scholarship to study at the University of Chicago at the age of 15.
There, he became interested in the new technique of diffraction, in which X-rays were bounced off atoms to reveal their inner structures.
To pursue his research into DNA structures, he went to Cambridge University in England, where he met Crick, with whom he began constructing large-scale models of possible structures.
Later, after his scientific discovery, Watson and his wife, Elizabeth, moved to Harvard, where he became professor of biology. The couple had two sons - one of whom was diagnosed with schizophrenia as a teenager, further motivating Watson's research to learn more about DNA in the hope of possibly helping him.
In 1968, he took over the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York State - an old institution which he was credited with turning into one of the world's foremost scientific research institutes.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn8xdypnz32o
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James Watson współodkrywca struktury DNA w Warszawie
25.06.2008
https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C114709%2Cjames-watson-wspolodkrywca-struktury-dna-w-warszawie.html
https://112.ua/pl/james-watson-dead-aged-97-renowned-nobel-prize-winning-scientist-who-co-discovered-structure-of-dna-dies-110876
https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/07/us/james-watson-death
https://apnews.com/article/james-watson-obituary-dna-double-helix-nobel-c1f6d589f2d0d4751859168f9fae295c
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-08/james-watson-co-discoverer-of-dna-double-helix-dead-at-97/105987280
https://tvn24.pl/swiat/james-d-watson-nie-zyje-byl-wspolodkrywca-struktury-dna-st8742349
https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Nauka/USA-odkrywca-struktury-DNA-pozbawiony-tytulow-honorowych,191128,9.html
https://www.rp.pl/nauka/art12114741-noblista-sprzedal-swoj-medal
https://krytykapolityczna.pl/kraj/podwojna-helisa-historia-slawy-i-grzechu/
Tatsuhiko Fujimoto @Tatsu_Fujimoto 10:59 PM · Nov 7, 2025
Breaking News: Dr. James Watson, who contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure and achieved one of the most groundbreaking accomplishments in the scientific community, has passed away at the age of 97.
https://x.com/Tatsu_Fujimoto/status/1986916436909109542
https://x.com/Reuters/status/1986890857090256984
https://x.com/thatdankent/status/1986905288004247598
DNA Pioneer James Watson Dies at 97 in New York | WION News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fh4toN8espE
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18.08.1825 zostało oddane do użytku Obserwatorium Astronomiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
https://serwisnaukowy.uw.edu.pl/od-wyznaczania-czasu-po-nowe-swiaty-200-lat-obserwatorium-astronomicznego-uw/
https://www.wuw.pl/product-pol-20554-200-lat-Obserwatorium-Astronomicznego-UW.html
200 lat temu, czyli jak powstało Obserwatorium Astronomiczne UW - prof. Jarosław Włodarczyk
Urania TV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Atho_GQgsJo
2) Ernest Adam Stanisław Malinowski herbu Ślepowron (05.01.1818-02.03.1899)
Ernest Malinowski. Zbudował najwyższą kolej świata
2026-01-05, 07:40
- Projekt inżyniera Ernesta Malinowskiego przewiduje przeprowadzenie linii kolejowej na wysokości prawie 5000 m n.p.m., a to jest niemożliwe. Również zaprojektowane przez niego mosty i żelazne wiadukty są jeszcze mało znane w technice, obliczenia wątpliwe, a realizacja ryzykowna - tak oceniali projekt Polaka XIX-wieczni eksperci. (...)
https://polskieradio24.pl/artykul/2688462,ernest-malinowski-zbudowal-najwyzsza-kolej-swiata
https://culture.pl/pl/artykul/ernest-malinowski-xix-wieczny-inzynier-ktory-pomogl-obronic-peru
https://www.national-geographic.pl/historia/ernest-malinowski-to-polski-inzynier-ktory-stal-sie-bohaterem-narodowym-peru/
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Malinowski
Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego @MNiSW_GOV__PL 11:06 AM · Jan 5, 2026
Dziś przypada rocznica urodzin Ernesta Malinowskiego (1818–1899), polskiego inżyniera i projektanta Kolei Transandyjskiej w Peru – jednego z najbardziej wymagających technicznie przedsięwzięć kolejowych XIX wieku.
🏗️ W rozwoju infrastruktury Ameryki Południowej prace Ernesta Malinowskiego są uznawane za najważniejsze osiągnięcia inżynierii tamtej epoki.
https://twitter.com/MNiSW_GOV__PL/status/2008117858463514813
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Informacja warta uwagi :)
Premier: noblista prof. Victor Ambros niedługo będzie formalnie Polakiem
13.03.2026
(https://naukawpolsce.pl/sites/default/files/styles/strona_glowna_slider_750x420/public/202603/pap_20241007_19L.jpg.webp?itok=D_-YJYDN)
EPA/CJ GUNTHER 07.11.2024
Laureat Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie medycyny z 2024 r. prof. Victor Ambros niedługo będzie już formalnie Polakiem - poinformował w czwartek premier Donald Tusk. Przekazał, że noblista ubiegający się o polskie obywatelstwo zamierza sprowadzić do Polski naukowców z całego świata.
Premier przypomniał w nagraniu opublikowanym na X, że w poniedziałek spotkał się z prof. Victorem Ambrosem - renomowanym amerykańskim biologiem molekularnym, starającym się o polskie obywatelstwo. „Jego ojciec wyjechał z Polski jeszcze w czasie II wojny światowej, ale świadomość, pamięć tego, że jest Polakiem, towarzyszyła Victorowi Ambrosowi od zawsze” - podkreślił Tusk. Jak podaje IPN, ojciec noblisty został deportowany jako robotnik przymusowy do III Rzeszy. (...)
https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C112091%2Cpremier-noblista-prof-victor-ambros-niedlugo-bedzie-formalnie-polakiem.html