Polskie Forum Astronautyczne
Człowiek i Astronautyka => Osobistości => Wątek zaczęty przez: Orionid w Lutego 12, 2024, 08:28
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Komandor porucznik U.S. Navy Jonathan Yong 'Jonny' Kim (http://lk.astronautilus.pl/astros/kim.htm) został wyselekcjonowany w ramach NASA grupa 22 (2017).
Jest jednym z dwóch członków tej grupy, który nie ma jeszcze nawet nominacji do załogi (jedynym z amerykańskiej części grupy).
Urodził się i wychował w Los Angeles (Kalifornia) w rodzinie koreańsko-amerykańskiej.
Jest drugim astronautą NASA o pochodzeniu koreańsko-amerykańskim.
Kim służył jako sanitariusz bojowy podczas operacji specjalnych, snajper, nawigator w ponad 100 operacjach bojowych oraz jest weteranem dwóch misji Operation Iraqi Freedom (https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/middle-east/operation-iraqi-freedom.html).
Uzyskał dyplom z matematyki na Uniwersytecie w San Diego oraz doktorat z medycyny w Harvard Medical School.
https://www.nasa.gov/people/jonny-kim/
http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/kim_jonny.htm
https://www.worldspaceflight.com/bios/k/kim-j.php
https://www.kozmo-data.sk/kozmonauti/kim-jonathan-yong.html
https://www.astronaut.ru/index/in_pers3/13_2215.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonny_Kim
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Kim
https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/315824
https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/there-is-no-glass-ceiling-this-usd-alum-is-now-a-navy-seal-harvard-doc-and-nasa-astronaut/2618712/
https://www.businessinsider.com/jonny-kim-career-navy-seal-nasa-astronaut-harvard-doctor-kids-2020-1?IR=T
Meet Artemis Team Member Jonny Kim
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szkJlHqriDY
Jonny Kim could become 1st Asian American astronaut to fly to the moon l GMA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYK-F-mnyq0
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Niezwykła historia dr. Kima.
STARS, STRIPES AND SACRIFICE: DR. JONNY KIM
Date September 2020 Author Wei Koh
(https://therake.com/media/legacy_images/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/image-1-1-RF.jpg)
Kim is a former Navy Seal, a veteran of two combat deployments and more than 100 sorties, for which he was awarded the Silver and Bronze Star medals, with a citation for valour; he won a scholarship to, and graduated from, Harvard medical school; and he is NASA’s first Korean-American astronaut, who at the age of 35 has achieved far more than most of us will ever dream of achieving in our entire lives. But it is his reaction to the abuse he suffered in childhood, and his decision to become a protector of humanity rather than a perpetuator of its often seemingly inevitable cycle of inherited behaviour, that is most admirable.
https://therake.com/stories/stars-stripes-and-sacrifice-dr-jonny-kim
https://whatgotyouthere.com/the-https-whatgotyouthere-com-the-distillation-of-nasa-astronaut-jonny-of-jonny-kim/
The Rise of Jonny Kim | Navy Seal, Doctor, Astronaut
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE6yBZ1AmUg
https://spyscape.com/article/johnny-kim-americas-next-lunar-true-superhero
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https://twitter.com/ShuttleAlmanac/status/1790928671387361682
Once again leave it to the Russians to break the news on @NASAcrewing. StarCity site says @JonnyKimUSA is backing up @astro_Pettit on Soyuz-MS26 Kim would then be in line for MS27/28 depending on potential of Russian tourist flight on MS27. Congrats @JonnyKimUSA Thanks @marcdrnl
24.03.2023 Kim ukończył zaawansowane szkolenie śmigłowcowe i został mianowany lotnikiem marynarki wojennej.
We wrześniu 2022 Kim rozpoczął zaawansowane szkolenie helikopterowe w 28. Helicopter Training Squadron (HT) na pokładzie NAS Whiting Field na Florydzie.
Astronauta po powrocie do NASA przygotowuje się do swojej pierwszej misji kosmicznej.
NASA Astronaut and former SEAL completes Navy Flight Training
CORPUS CHRISTI, TX, UNITED STATES 04.17.2023 Courtesy Story Chief of Naval Air Training
(https://d1ldvf68ux039x.cloudfront.net/thumbs/photos/2304/7743546/1000w_q95.jpg)
Photo By Jamie Coffey | 230324-N-LW682-002 - Lt. Cmdr. Jonny Kim poses for a photo alongside fellow astronauts...
CORPUS CHRISTI, Texas – Lt. Cmdr. Jonny Kim, NASA astronaut and former Navy SEAL, earned his “Wings of Gold” during a winging ceremony, Friday, March 24, onboard Naval Air Station Whiting Field. Kim, alongside 22 new aviators in his winging class, completed advanced helicopter training resulting in his designation as a Naval Aviator.
https://www.dvidshub.net/news/442730/nasa-astronaut-and-former-seal-completes-navy-flight-training#
Astronauta przemawia przed wystartowaniem załogi Crew-1.
https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1327271857486143489
"You've heard of all the benefits that the @Commercial_Crew Program is bringing to the American people, to humanity. But what I'm most excited about is being able to see 4 of my friends launch on that rocket tomorrow." - Astronaut @JonnyKimUSA on NASA's @SpaceX Crew-1 mission.
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Komunikat NASA o przydziale astronauty do misji Sojuz MS-27 ISS-73S Fawor (http://lk.astronautilus.pl/loty/sms27.htm), której start jest planowany na 03.2025.
Z NASA grupa 22 (http://lk.astronautilus.pl/astros/nasa22.htm) prawie wszyscy aktywni astronauci NASA polecieli już na orbitę z wyjątkiem Kima i Zeny Marii Cardman (http://lk.astronautilus.pl/astros/cardman.htm), która miała w 2024 wystartować w załodze Crew-9 (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5689.msg193231#msg193231).
NASA Assigns Astronaut Jonny Kim to First Space Station Mission
Aug 28, 2024
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GWFgfqSWcAAwmxd?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)
Official portrait of NASA astronaut Jonny Kim in an EMU suit. Credit: NASA
During his first mission to the International Space Station, NASA astronaut Jonny Kim will serve as a flight engineer and member of the upcoming Expedition 72/73 crew.
Kim will launch on the Roscosmos Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft in March 2025, accompanied by Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky. The trio will spend approximately eight months at the space station.
While aboard the orbiting laboratory, Kim will conduct scientific investigations and technology demonstrations to help prepare the crew for future space missions and provide benefits to people on Earth. (...)
https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-assigns-astronaut-jonny-kim-to-first-space-station-mission/
I'm incredibly honored to represent @NASA in our continued commitment to international collaboration and scientific discovery.
Follow along as I attempt to capture the spirit of partnership, explain engineering and operational concepts in the context of space operations, highlight the amazing people who serve behind the scenes, and showcase how teamwork is one of the most important ingredients of success in mission-critical environments such as space.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1829217226181775538
https://www.space.com/nasa-astronaut-jonny-kim-iss-korean-american
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Od tamtej pory zaszły zmiany w składach załóg (głównej i dublerskiej).
Sojuz MS-27 (http://lk.astronautilus.pl/loty/sms27.htm)
4:49 PM · Jun 21, 2024
Update - Pics of Soyuz-MS27 US crewman @JonnyKimUSA (with Dubrov & Korsakov) as well as back-up crew @Astro_ChrisW, Kud-Sverchkov & Zubritsky all seen here during Water Survival Training at Star City this week.
https://twitter.com/ShuttleAlmanac/status/1804164647114932294
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Ćwiczenie na urządzeniu oporowym „ARED”, które wykorzystuje system izolacji wibracji (VIS).
Nauka obsługi sprzętu fotograficznego.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA
Training Elapsed Time +3d (8.30.23, L-18mo): Extended stays in reduced gravity environments like the ISS dramatically increase the risk for loss of bone density and strength, which can increase the risk of fractures and early-onset osteoporosis unless appropriate countermeasures are taken. Astronauts can lose up to 1-2% of bone density per month in the hip and spine, compared to a bone loss of 0.5-1% per year in older adults.
The ingenious countermeasure to combat this threat to bone health (and muscle atrophy) is the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device, often called "ARED" for short. ARED was flown and installed in 2009 and uses a system of vacuum tubes and flywheel cables to deliver up to 600 pounds of force, which astronauts can use as an axial load to perform compound exercises such as squats, deadlifts, and bench presses through barbell and cable attachments. I'll go into the engineering of this device in a future post.
Training with ARED starts early in the assigned training flow. Here, I have Bob Tweedy, (recently retired) NASA astronaut instructor and exercise physiologist, walking me through the operation of ARED and explaining the vibration isolation system (VIS), which ensures loads impacted by ARED do not transfer to the space station. Without the VIS, if an astronaut did a squat, some of that force generated could transfer to the space station and fatigue structural components as well as ruin science experiments that require a constant micro-g environment. It is amazing what a team can devise to keep astronauts healthy.
TET +4d: Space photography is important for numerous reasons: scientific research, disaster response data collection, environmental awareness, and perhaps most importantly, to share the human elements of space exploration with the public. @dominickmatthew is currently on the ISS, and @astro_Pettit will soon be joining Matt, both are excellent and avid photographers.
I'm not an experienced photographer but I aspire to learn, and to help me is NASA scientific photographer, @NorahMoranPhoto. Norah has taken a lot of astronaut portraits over the years and now teaches astronauts the basics of dSLR operation, what camera settings are optimal for various conditions, and how to set oneself up for success in any light condition. Thanks Norah!
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1829499247915385122
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Trening EVA polegał na ćwiczeniu procedur usuwania RFG (Radio Frequency Group).
Astronaucie pomagał Akihiko 'Aki' Hoshide (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=6155.msg195744#msg195744).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 2:53 PM · Aug 31, 2024
T+9d (9.5.23, Launch-18mo): Spacewalking is a difficult and high-risk activity astronauts must sometimes perform to install new hardware and make necessary repairs to the @Space_Station that robotics cannot do. For these reasons, astronauts begin spacewalk training in the neutral buoyancy lab (NBL) soon after mission assignment. The training follows a crawl-walk-run flow, with each successive training event being generally more complex than the previous.
On this day, while not specific to the assigned training flow, I worked with @JAXA_en astronaut, @Aki_Hoshide, to develop and test new equipment and procedures for removing a piece of equipment called the Radio Frequency Group, or RFG for short. The RFG is slated to be removed in a future mission, but before we perform the task in real life, we ensure we have the proper tools and procedures, and the NBL provides excellent testing grounds to vet our plan.
Notice the number of divers in the first picture. There are 2 support divers, 1 safety diver, and 1 float camera diver per astronaut. It takes a village to support the mission, and astronauts cannot be successful without the team.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1829949363763781720
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Trening koncentrował się na działaniach konserwacyjnych CDRA (Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly).
CDRA służy do usuwaniu CO2 z ISS.
Są zespoły OOM (On-Orbit Maintenance) specjalizujące się w konserwacji systemów stacji.
Specjaliści od OOM nazywani są OSO (Operations Support Officers).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:28 PM · Aug 31, 2024
T+10d: I never thought that past years of tinkering with electronics, DIYing around the house, or performing car maintenance would help with being an astronaut, but mechanical aptitude is an essential skill for astronauts. When something breaks on the @Space_Station, one cannot request a specialist, you are the technician, plumber, electrician, etc.
Fortunately, we have teams that specialize in On-Orbit Maintenance (OOM), teaching critical skills to astronauts so they can maintain essential equipment in space. Fun fact, these OOM specialists are called Operations Support Officers (OSO), and because OOM is so common, OSO officers are seated next to CapCom in Mission Control Center Houston to help ease communication between crew members and CapCom.
On this day, we practiced common maintenance tasks on the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA). CDRA is important because it removes carbon dioxide from the space station's atmosphere. Humans require oxygen because it is an essential metabolic ingredient, in other words, life processes can't occur without oxygen. After we metabolize oxygen (O2), our bodies add a carbon atom to it, creating carbon dioxide (CO2) as a waste product. CO2 is poisonous in high concentrations, thus we need an engineering solution to remove it or reduce it back to oxygen. At a high level, CDRA removes the humidity (water vapor) from the air which is eventually recycled, captures the CO2, and then vents the CO2 overboard to space. Because CO2 is vented overboard, this is not a closed system and over time, the O2 (as part of CO2) that is vented will need to be replaced by cargo space vehicles.
The engineering behind CDRA is pretty cool. It uses a microporous, crystalline material called zeolite, that constantly adsorbs CO2 from the environment. Once the zeolite is saturated with CO2, the CO2 must be removed (called regeneration) in a process called pressure/thermal swing adsorption so that the zeolite can continue to adsorb more CO2. The zeolite is heated which reduces the CO2 adsorption of zeolite, then the zeolite is exposed to vacuum and the resulting pressure gradient drives the CO2 overboard (high pressure to low pressure).
For more information, here is a great article by NASA: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20050210002/downloads/20050210002.pdf
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Trening z używania kamery na podczerwień, która używana jest podczas EVA.
Mogła być ostatnio używana w 2009 podczas misji STS-119, aby sfotografować grzejniki na stacji kosmicznej.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 2:23 PM · Sep 1, 2024
T+12 (9.8.23): On this day I learned about the EVA Infrared camera, a piece of equipment I never knew existed. A very cool gadget, it is a specially modified IR camera that can withstand the harsh environment of space. The last time I'm aware it was used was in 2009 for STS-119 to image the radiators on the space station.
Paul and Norah taught me the basics of IR camera usage and the principles of emissivity, which is a measure of how much a surface emits heat. You can see in the 3rd & 4th pictures that the heat signature from a frying pan is different based on whether the teflon (high emissivity) or aluminum side (low emissivity) is presented to the camera. Heat emits thermal radiation, a type of electromagnetic radiation that IR cameras can see, but humans cannot. One way an IR camera can take advantage of this is to locate leaks that a human eye may not be able to detect. Notice in the 2nd picture how the IR camera can detect the two wet spots on the carpet, that are otherwise invisible to the eye. That's because evaporation is a cooling process, and as the water-soaked carpet evaporates, it is cooler than its surroundings, which shows up as a signature on the IR camera. Isn't that cool?
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1853040736179994795
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Astronauta pracował przy eksperymencie, który NASA ma nadzieję wkrótce przeprowadzić, a który polega na pobraniu próbek z zewnętrznej części ISS.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 12:45 PM · Nov 3, 2024
T+19 (9.15.23): There is a lot of work that occurs before performing real operations in space. Meticulous planning, rehearsing, and development are the costs of business. On this day, I got to work with my classmates, @Astro_FarmerBob and @Astro_Raja to aid in the development of an experiment NASA hopes to do soon, which is to sample the exterior of the space station for microorganisms during a spacewalk. The idea is pretty straightforward - swab suspected areas around the space station, namely areas where microbes could have been deposited (e.g., near vents, handrail surfaces, near the airlock) to see if life could survive at vacuum. It's difficult to imagine life could survive in such an environment, but humans have been surprised before by finding life in extreme environments (e.g., hot springs, hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, etc). These organisms are called extremophiles because they live in extreme environmental conditions that are normally thought impossible for life to adapt to.
One of the coolest parts of this operation is how NASA repurposed an old piece of hardware from Shuttle into a canister caddy to house 6 sterile swabs. Hopefully, we get to see this experiment soon on the @Space_Station.
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Trening obejmował ratowanie astronauty wykonującego EVA.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 1:10 PM · Nov 3, 2024
T+23 (9.19.23): After rehearsing the sequence of events and familiarizing ourselves with the equipment, the day came for Farmer and I to practice in the NBL. I got to practice my "aseptic technique," employed in medical settings to prevent cross-contamination leading to infection. Except in this setting, it's to ensure we get good science.
In our ear is our "TC" (training conductor), Drew Burr, who is an instrumental member of the EVA team responsible for preparing us for EVA missions during flight.
T+23 (9.19.23): A requirement that all aspiring NASA spacewalkers have is to be able to conduct a rescue of their teammate within a specific time. Our EMU spacesuits offer the means for mobility and work in the vacuum of space and provide our life support. In the rare possibility anything off-nominal occurs to prevent a spacewalker from returning safely to the airlock on their own, they must rely on their partner to bring them safely back to the airlock. It's no different from many other lines of work relying on teammates in emergencies.
To train for this, we rehearse numerous scenarios of incapacitated crew members. We also have a lot of help, such as a cuff checklist of emergency action responses, the memorized portion of which we call "boldface," and dedicated experts in MCC-Houston feeding us data and recommendations on the next steps. The initial steps for a rescue involve assessing the situation and communicating with both the partner and MCC-H as able. Working with MCC, the rescuer develops and executes a rescue plan. The priority is always the crew first, followed by the station and the mission.
On this day, Farmer simulated an "incapacitated" crew member (we switch places throughout the day). After assessment, I translated to my partner, Farmer, quickly and safely completed any remaining action steps to put his spacesuit in as safe a condition as possible, and then safely and methodically translated him back to the airlock, ensuring that he has a safe load-path to station at all times and is not going to bump into anything along the way (especially his visor). Once at the airlock, it's a carefully coordinated ballad of actions to connect the "incapacitated crew member" and myself to the internal airlock tether point and then unhook ourselves to the external tether points (the external airlock hatch will not close if there is a tether line in the way). In some situations, connecting the incapacitated member to a service umbilical for resources (air, water, electrons) may be appropriate. Finally, we close the external airlock hatch and begin repressurizing the airlock to get our crew member the medical attention they may need inside the International Space Station.
Fortunately, we have great trainers, fantastic divers, and ground support to assist us in the rare chance this occurs. NASA is a forward-thinking organization, and we prepare for various outcomes despite numerous fault tolerances. EVA rescue is one of the more fun, challenging, and exhausting things we train for! And it's a significant team effort.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1853545405541236889
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Zastosowanie VR do treningu astronautów.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:29 PM · Dec 14, 2024
T+24 (9.20.23): We use different mediums and modalities to aid our study and preparation for a mission. A pretty cool one is our use of VR. We have the entire international space station and its components mapped in a VR environment. Couple this with physical hardware on a system of pulleys and levers to mimic the same mass handling qualities you'd find on orbit and we get a pretty cool "feel" of what it's like to move stuff around on orbit. This can be particularly helpful in building our sense of how a payload will feel in space translating with it or installing it.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1869693524557316556
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Trening z zakresu konserwacji toalety, która ma oficjalną nazwę WHC (Waste and Hygiene Compartment).
Jonny Kim@ JonnyKimUSA 11:37 AM · Dec 19, 2024
T+29 (9.25.23): Who do you call when the toilet breaks?
In space, you are the plumber.
That's why @NASA_Astronauts are trained to repair and maintain all vital equipment on the @Space_Station. And the toilet, officially called the Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC), is pretty vital on board the space station. It's a vacuum-based system that is comprised of pumps, fans, valves and special chemicals to safely process urine in a multi-step process that converts it to potable water. Thanks to our excellent systems instructors, we're well prepared. Thanks Ryan!
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Przyswajanie procedur związanych ze sprzątaniem stacji, które odbywa się przynajmniej raz w tygodniu.
Usuwanie kurzu to poważna sprawa.
Trening dotyczył również zapoznawanie się z narzędziami elektrycznymi i mechanicznymi, które mogą się okazać przydatne przy naprawach.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:49 PM · Dec 20, 2024
T+31 (9.27.23): Besides being amateur plumbers, we're also the cleaners! Taking care of our home in space means dedicated cleaning from the crew at least once a week. On this day, we reviewed the various cleaning tasks we can expect. As you can imagine, dust becomes a major issue in a closed atmospheric environment like the @Space_Station.
We also reviewed the different electrical and mechanical tools on board that can aid us in repairing things on the station. Some of these tools may already be in your garage.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1873791794636370166
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Wykorzystanie AR (augmented reality) w treningu do prac operacyjnych podczas EVA dedykowanych ulepszeniu AMS.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:02 PM · Dec 30, 2024
T+32 (9.28.23): To prep for mission success, we try to train for our missions with as much fidelity as possible. One relatively new tool is AR (augmented reality). This upcoming mission is slated for 2025 and is part of a series of spacewalks to upgrade the alpha magnetic spectrometer (AMS). NASA engineers constructed a wood platform to replicate much of the surrounding structure of AMS, and we use AR to "overlay" the more intricate details of AMS. Think of it as adding additional virtual layers of detail over existing real but plain structures (e.g. wood) when you put the glasses on. We got to use our friend, @AstroDrewMorgan to play around with different body positions for the best angles.
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Rozpoznawanie po objawach organizmu niebezpiecznie podwyższonego poziomu CO2.
Do diagnozowania tej sytuacji potrzebne jest monitorowanie parametry życiowych astronautów (tętno, saturacja krwi tlenem, częstość oddechów i rejestrowanie odczuwanych objawów).
U Kima w takiej sytuacji pojawiają się bóle głowy, twarz staje się gorąca i zaczerwieniona przy umiarkowanym poziomie CO2, a kiedy poziom CO2 jest wysoki, odczuwane jest mrowienie w palcach.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:19 PM · Jan 31, 2025
T+36 (10.2.23): This particular day was oxygen appreciation day. We take a lot of things for granted on our planet, and one of those is the recycling of the air we breathe. There aren't enough plants in the ISS at any given time to convert the carbon dioxide (CO2) humans produce back into oxygen. We rely on machines to do that. But if anything happens to those machines and the sensors that detect CO2, we must be able to recognize when CO2 levels get high. CO2 in high enough concentrations is poisonous to our bodies. High levels of CO2 in our blood is called hypercapnia, and can be fatal if not addressed.
That is one reason we learn to recognize our symptoms to dangerous levels of CO2. To perform the test, we breathe into a closed system while closely monitoring our vitals like heart rate, oxygen blood saturation, breathing rate, and logging symptoms we feel. For me, I tend to get headaches and feel my face get hot and flushed at moderate CO2 levels, and when my CO2 levels get really high I get tingling sensations in my fingers (called paresthesias). It is an uncomfortable test, but it can be life-saving to know one's symptoms. Just a note, never try this test without professionals. This is only done under safe and professional circumstances.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885431955275005962
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Ćwiczenie w symulatorze umiejętności pilotażu robotów i przechwytywania statku kosmicznego.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:56 PM · Jan 31, 2025
T+38 (10.4.23): There are basically two ways for a space vehicle to get connected to the space station. One of them is called docking, and that's when the space vehicle manually or automatically docks directly to an available port on the space station (examples are the SpaceX Dragon and Soyuz vehicles). The other way is called berthing, and that is when the vehicle holds a position near the space station and operators manually pilot a robotic arm (on ISS it's the Canada Arm) to capture the spacecraft and maneuver it to the attachment site.
On this particular day, I got to work with the legendary Tux to brush off my robotic piloting skills to capture spacecraft in our simulator. This particular simulator is pretty cool, it is dome-shaped and feels very immersive. In addition to piloting the robotic arm, we must be able to recognize unsafe situations and respond to off-nominal situations to keep everyone safe. It's days like these I get to tell my mom that all those video games eventually came in handy! Shoutout to Tux for his years of service in making safe robotic operators!
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Trening w zakresie używania narzędzi podczas EVA.
Do ich umocowania służy zamocowana w okolicy klatki piersiowej na skafandrze mini-stacja robocza MWS (mini-workstation) z wieloma miejscami do mocowania narzędzi, a także punkty połączenia, aby połączyć ramiona wahaczy i pas bezpieczeństwa BRT (body restraint tether).
Całość stanowi zintegrowana uprząż narzędziowa z pasem narzędziowym.
BRT jest podłączony do MWS i ma duże szczęki na końcu, które można przymocować do różnych rzeczy, takich jak poręcze.
To narzędzie jest zaprojektowane w formie stosu kulek, które pozostaje elastyczne po poluzowaniu, ale usztywnia się po dokręceniu, umożliwiając astronautom pozostanie połączonym, sprawiając jednocześnie, ze astronauta ma wolne ręce.
Najczęstszym zastosowaniem BRT jest przymocowywanie dużych obiektów, aby astronauci mogli przemieszczać się bez konieczności trzymania się obiektu lub łączenie astronauty ze stacją i usztywnianie, aby astronauta pozostawał w statycznej pozycji w miejscu pracy.
BRT działa wtedy jak trzecia ręka.
Jonny Kim@JonnyKimUSA 7:09 PM · Feb 1, 2025
T+39 (10.5.23): If you like tools, you'll love the EVA hardware at NASA. Our engineers have devised tools to accommodate almost every conceivable use case. The key word is "almost," because we still find edge cases where a tool does not yet exist to fit a particular function (e.g., new tools were created relatively recently for repairing and upgrading the alpha-magnetic spectrometer). Luckily, we have fantastic engineers who constantly build and iterate.
This day was all about reviewing EVA tools that a spacewalker might encounter on an EVA (spacewalk). There are too many to cover, but I'll summarize the bread-and-butter tools.
All tools need a solid foundation to rest on, and that's where the mini-workstation, called MWS for short, comes in. It connects to the suit around the chest area and has multiple tether points to tether tools to, as well as connection points to connect swing arms and our trusty body restraint tether (BRT). Think of it as a tool harness and tool belt in one.
Next is the BRT, which is connected to the MWS and has large jaws at the end that can connect to various things like handrails. This tool is designed in a ball stack fashion that remains flexible when loosened but rigidized when tightened, allowing spacewalkers to stay connected while hands-free. The most common use of the BRT is to attach large objects so spacewalkers can translate without having to hold onto the object or to connect spacewalkers to the station and rigidize so the astro remains in a static position in their worksite. You can imagine if you need both hands to manipulate tools at your worksite, but one hand is tied up holding on to the space station, a BRT acts like a 3rd arm.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885755807414808756
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Linka bezpieczeństwa jest liną ratunkową, jeśli z jakiegokolwiek powodu astronauta odłączy się od stacji.
Haki bezpieczeństwa wymagają celowej manipulacji dłonią, aby je uruchomić.
Duży hak w dłoni astronauty nie otworzy się, jeśli nie zostaną wykonane określone operacje:
1) odblokowanie,
2) ściśnięcie łopatki
3) naciśnięcie spustu.
Jeśli którykolwiek z powyższych 3. warunków nie zostanie spełniony, hak się nie otworzy.
To znacznie utrudnia przypadkowe uruchomienie sprzętu ratunkowego.
Następnym mechanizmem jest przegubowy przenośny ogranicznik stóp APFR (articulating portable foot restraint).
Jest on podłączony do stacji kosmicznej w różnych miejscach.
APFR umożliwia zajęcie przez astronautę pozycji „stojącej” połączonego ze stacją z obiema rękami wolnymi.
Na ostatnim zdjęciu jest urządzenie do utrzymywania ładunku, który jest dużym pasem zapadkowym.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:23 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Next is the safety tether, arguably one of the most important pieces of gear we use. The safety tether is our lifeline, if for whatever reason we become detached from station, the safety tether will reel us back to its attachment point, which is usually near the airlock.
One cool NASA design that is hard to appreciate in the picture, is that our safety hooks require intentional hand manipulation to actuate. The large hook in my hand will not open unless it is 1) unlocked 2) paddles are squeezed and 3) the trigger is depressed. If any of the above 3 are not met, the hook will not open. This makes accidental actuation of lifesaving equipment much harder. This multi-step process to actuate life-saving equipment is a common theme in our design inventory.
Next is our articulating portable foot restraint (APFR), which you'll find connected to the space station at various places. If you ever see an astronaut in a static "standing" position connected to station with both hands-free, it's because they are in this APFR. Think of it like a standing plate that you snap your boots into to lock in place.
Last is pictured our payload retention device, basically a large tie-down ratchet strap. Not something that is commonly used, but I find it cool nonetheless because of how overbuilt it is.
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Chwytak pistoletowy PGT (pistol grip tool) służy po dokręcania i poluzowywania elementów trzymających.
Posiada programowalną funkcję ustawiania określonych poziomów momentu obrotowego.
Wyposażony jest w mini wyświetlacz, który zlicza liczbę obrotów i pokazuje ustawione wartości momentu obrotowego.
Skrzynka z narzędziami dostępnymi podczas EVA jest zainstalowana na zewnątrz stacji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:32 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Last but not least, is our pistol grip tool (PGT), my favorite. Whenever we need to tighten or loosen bolts, we use a PGT. Its got a programmable function to set specific torque levels. There's a mini display that counts the number of turns, and shows set torque and running torque values.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:40 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Bonus - this is our EVA toolbox that permanently lives outside of the space station. It has various tool boards and carriers to house various equipment. It has a pretty cool function for the panels to slide out and rotate. The toolbox isn't used often from what I understand, but it's always there and has contingency tools in case spacewalkers need them.
Thanks to EVA instructor, Bridget Scheib for her encyclopedic knowledge of EVA tools!
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885760220502040985
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Skrzynka z narzędziami EVA, która na stałe jest zamontowana na zewnątrz ISS.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:40 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Bonus - this is our EVA toolbox that permanently lives outside of the space station. It has various tool boards and carriers to house various equipment. It has a pretty cool function for the panels to slide out and rotate. The toolbox isn't used often from what I understand, but it's always there and has contingency tools in case spacewalkers need them.
Thanks to EVA instructor, Bridget Scheib for her encyclopedic knowledge of EVA tools!
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Zapoznawanie się z obsługą włazów.
Przysposabianie żywności do jedzenia.
Najpierw podłącza się porcję żywności do dozownika wody pitnej, wybiera się objętość wody i naciska przycisk dozowania "gorącej" w przypadku gorącej wody lub przycisk z temperaturą otoczenia w przypadku wody o temperaturze pokojowej.
Zapoznawanie się z wewnętrznym system kontroli termicznej ITCS (internal thermal control system).
Dużo ciepła jest generowane przez szafy systemowe i ładunki użyteczne wewnątrz ISS.
System ITCS bocznikuje obciążenia grzewcze z dala od szaf do interfejsu wymiennika ciepła podłączonego do zewnętrznego systemu sterowania termicznego ETCS (external thermal control system), który następnie odprowadza te obciążenia cieplne do grzejników na zewnątrz stacji.
Czasami zdarzają się wycieki, a kiedy do nich dochodzi, astronauci są szkoleni, aby być astrohydraulikami i pomagać w znajdowaniu wycieków i w razie potrzeby ominąć je za pomocą przewodów połączeniowych (bypass).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:47 PM · Feb 1, 2025
T+40 (10.6.23): Hatch seals and locking mechanisms are important in a space environment. This day was a nice review of how to operate hatches and troubleshoot.
A lot of the food on the space station is created in the food lab at NASA Johnson Space Center with fresh ingredients, then freeze-dried into packages for our consumption. In the video, you'll see how straightforward it is to reconstitute our food. First connect your food to the potable water dispenser, select the volume of water, and push the "hot" dispense button for hot or ambient button for room temperature water.
Lastly, we went over the internal thermal control system (ITCS) on ISS. A lot of heat is generated by system racks and payloads inside the ISS. The ITCS system shunts heats loads away from the racks to the interface heat exchanger connected to the external thermal control system (ETCS) which then dissipates those heat loads to radiators outside the space station. But sometimes leaks happen, and when they do, astronauts are trained to be astro plumbers and help find leaks and bypass them with jumper hoses if necessary.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885777033931694139
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Trening z zastosowaniem trzeciej zasady dynamiki Newtona (dla każdego działania istnieje równa i przeciwna reakcja).
Dlatego przed przekazaniem jakichkolwiek ładunków na stację instruktorzy uczą myśleć o kierunku siły, którą astronauci przekazują i jak bezpiecznie na nią zareagować.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:42 PM · Feb 1, 2025
T+44 (10.10.23): Newton's third law of motion states for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. How is this relevant for a spacewalk? Well, per Newton if I try to drive a bolt clockwise into the space station, if I am not properly braced to counteract the force, I will start to spin counter-clockwise as part of the opposite reaction.
On Earth, we don't give much thought to our body position when operating tools like a power drill/driver or a torque wrench. After all, gravity is more than enough to plant our bodies to the ground and counteract typical forces we would impart into tools. But in space, it's important we understand the torque directions our bodies will have to react against in microgravity. So before imparting any loads into the station, our instructors train us to think of the direction of force we are imparting and how to safely react against it.
And while we have pretty unique tools on the station, you'll find many common terrestrial tools on the station as well, like these wrenches in my hand, being used to remove docking equipment from a hatch.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1886126791531573713
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Trening z używania bieżni nazywanej w skrócie „T2”, znaną również oficjalnie Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill, lub COLBERT.
Aby utrzymać astronautów do bieżni na stacji używają oni uprzęży przymocowanej do T2 za pomocą bungee.
Aby zapobiec wpływowi powtarzających się sił obciążeniowych podczas biegania na bieżni, które mogłyby nałożyć się na stację i wywołać niepożądane naprężenia mechaniczne w kluczowych elementach stacji lub nałożyć siły na eksperymenty naukowe wymagające środowiska mikrograwitacji inżynierowie NASA opracowali sposób na zminimalizowanie sił przekazywanych na stację za pomocą urządzenia zwanego systemem izolacji wibracji VIS (vibration isolation system).
Konstrukcja opiera się na wielu stopniach sprężyn zorientowanych we wszystkich 3. osiach układu współrzędnych kartezjańskich (x, y, z).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:57 PM · Feb 2, 2025
T+47 (10.13.23): Did you know that astronauts can "run" in microgravity? We have a beast of a treadmill we call "T2," also known officially as the Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill, or COLBERT (named after Stephen Colbert who won a NASA naming contest years ago). In addition to giving some normalcy to astronauts living in the space station, it is a great tool for cardiovascular and bone health.
But before we can use it on the station, we have to learn to use the terrestrial version. To keep us attached to the treadmill on station, we outfit ourselves with a harness attached to the T2 by bungees.
You can imagine the repetitive forces of running on a treadmill would impart a lot of loads into station that could induce unwanted mechanical stress into vital components of station, or impart forces into science experiments that require a microgravity environment (basically one of the biggest reasons we have a space station is to conduct microgravity experiments). So NASA engineers devised a clever way to minimize the forces imparted to station through a device called the vibration isolation system, or "VIS" for short. The design is based on multiple stages of springs oriented in all 3 axes of a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z axis) that work together to isolate the forces from a runner on the treadmill. Watch longtime NASA engineer and instructor, Bob Tweedy, show us how one of the four corners of the VIS works.
One thing I imagine I'll miss once I'm on board station is taking hot showers after a run. The space version of showers involves no rinse shampoo and wet towels, but field showers are better than no shower!
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Powtarzalny schemat treningowy: studiuj/planuj, streszczaj, wykonuj, omawiaj.
Dużo pracy zespołowej za kulisami.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:03 AM · Feb 5, 2025
T+50 (10.16.23): Study/plan, brief, execute, debrief. We iterate this cycle for many operations at NASA, especially for spacewalks.
One of the more enjoyable things about our jobs is training for spacewalks because of how quickly we get to put into practice the things we learn in the classroom. It's also a great chance to work together, and this week I got to work with Japanese astronaut Kimiya-san. One of the things that is hard to appreciate is how much hard work and service is done behind the scenes - engineers, divers, instructors, techs, so many people work together so that Kimiya and I can have an awesome opportunity to hone our craft. Teamwork!
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898107865627336891
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Trening na ewentualność pojawienia się pożaru.
Do jego gaszenia może służyć CO2, który znajduje się w pomarańczowych zbiornikach ciśnieniowych.
Jonny Kim@JonnyKimUSA 9:25 PM · Mar 7, 2025
T+51 (10.17.23): Fire is a very real concern for astronauts in space, which is why NASA focuses our fire response on protecting ourselves, detecting and isolating the source, and eliminating it. The instructors help us rehearse and debrief our communication and teamwork. Did you know that CO2 is one of the ways we extinguish fires? CO2 displaces oxygen which is one of the required elements for a fire. That's what is in the orange pressurized tanks.
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Opis działania EMU ("Extravehicular Mobility Unit").
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:05 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+58 (10.24.23): This man here is Regan Cheney, one of the coolest and absolutely the most knowledgeable instructors and engineers I have ever met regarding EVA systems. He's one of two EVA systems instructors (shoutout to Christian Vu) I have and is responsible for ensuring I understand how a spacesuit works to keep astronauts alive during a spacewalk.
Officially, the "Extravehicular Mobility Unit" or EMU for short. The design is decades old, but the design remains robust. In summary, it can support a 7 hour spacewalk assuming an average metabolic rate of 1,000 Btu/hr. To understand how a spacesuit keeps an astronaut alive during a spacewalk, let's step back and state the normal things a human needs. Oxygen, a way to remove CO2, thermal control, and an atmosphere are the big ones. The EMU takes care of all of these plus more (provides comms, radiation protection and other stuff). For my closed-circuit rebreather divers reading this, the following will sound familiar because a spacesuit is basically a closed-circuit rebreather with some more bells and whistles. Pure oxygen is provided by a highly pressurized tank. This same oxygen provides the atmosphere, or specifically, 4.3 psi which is about 1/3 the pressure on Earth. Astronauts breathe the 100% oxygen and breathe out a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the CO2 being a byproduct of metabolism. This air now has a mixture of O2 and CO2 and goes through a canister where a chemical reaction takes place that sequesters the CO2, leaving only pure O2 coming through the canister. The pure O2 recirculates and now gets breathed up by the astronaut again. The cooling and water pressure loops are a bit more complex, but basically the astronaut is the only thing generating heat (if you want to be super technical, some heat is generated by the exothermic chemical reaction of CO2 removal and the electrical components but that is negligible), and the EMU cooling system is water-based. Astronaut generates heat, which transfers to the water loops, which then offload the heat to a heat exchanger/sublimator. Sublimation is the conversion of a substance from a solid (in this case ice) to its gaseous state (water vapor) without becoming a liquid (how does that happen? see water phase diagram for more info). At a high level, water forms an ice layer on the sublimator and then becomes a gas due to the reduced pressure of space. This reaction removes heat from the EMU. Cool 🧊, right?
Trening Konserwacyjny.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:08 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+64 (10.30.23): Sometimes things break and sometimes things need regular maintenance. This day was dedicated to various troubleshooting and maintenance tasks inside the ISS airlock. We also reviewed closing hatches.
We don't close hatches too often but astronauts need to be able to close them quickly in an emergency.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898405421792346572
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Procesor solanki służy do odzyskiwania wody z super skoncentrowanego moczu, co pomaga osiągnąć odzyskanie wody na poziomie 98%.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:30 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+71 (11.6.23): Water! It's very valuable in space, so we do everything to reclaim it. In addition to sometimes transferring large tanks of water, we also have to maintain our brine processor assembly.
What is the brine processor? You may already know, but the urine astronauts create is processed back into potable water. But not 100% of the urine can be reclaimed, a small amount of it remains as brine, basically super concentrated urine. This brine still has some water left in it, so the brine processor bakes/distills the brine to reclaim the water vapor, eeking just a little bit more water out of the brine, helping achieve 98% water recovery.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898447790432260576
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Trening ze sprzętem wykorzystywanym podczas EVA.
Jednym z jego komponentów jest komputer, na którym działał symulator paneli słonecznych.
Wygląda jak Windows 95 ze stacją dyskietek 3,5 cala!
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:56 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+72 (11.7.23): We trained with hardware we may see during a spacewalk. But I was most interested in the computer running the solar array simulator. It looked like Windows 95 and it even had a 3.5" floppy drive! You know you're a nerd when you get excited by a floppy drive 🤣
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GliLnx3WcAAgUwl?format=jpg&name=large)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GliLnx4XcAAav2U?format=jpg&name=large)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GliLnx5XQAA3TlZ?format=jpg&name=large)
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Astronauta opanował procedury awaryjne jak np. prawidłowe zakładanie masek czy wykonywanie zabiegów.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:55 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+73 (11.8.23): All the emergency procedures astronauts are expected to execute at a moment's notice? For me, that is thanks to these two, Lydia and Emily, awesome instructors and NASA public servants. Lydia and Emily ensured I knew all of the emergency procedures by heart, and that includes everything from donning masks correctly to executing procedures. Lydia later moved on to become my chief training officer and I owe her and the rest of the team so much. They also made great visual theatrics (e.g., fake smoke) for our fire cases!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898677458750058834
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Pierwszy z 9. ocenianych działań EVA w NBL wymaganych do zakwalifikowania astronauty jako gotowego do EVA przed lotem kosmicznym.
Program nauczania jest skonstruowany tak, aby opierał się na podstawach i wystawiał astronautów na wystarczającą zmienność, aby dostosować się do dowolnej liczby nieznanych spacerów kosmicznych, które mogą być wymagane, co prowadzi do końcowej oceny na #5.
Trasy 6-9 są na ogół bardziej dostosowane do przygotowania astronautów do konkretnych spacerów kosmicznych, które mają się odbyć podczas ekspedycji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:41 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+74 (11.9.23): This was the 1st of 9 evaluated NBL runs required to qualify an astronaut as EVA ready before a spaceflight. The syllabus is structured to build on the basics and expose astronauts to enough variability to adapt to any number of unknown spacewalks that may be required, leading to a final evaluation on #5. Runs 6-9 are generally more tailored to prep astronauts for the specific spacewalks that are expected to occur during the expedition.
This run is memorable for me not just for being the 1st run of the assignment, but for getting to work with my E73 crew mate, Anne McClain (@AstroAnnimal), CDR of crew-10. She's been a great mentor and friend, and has set an excellent example on professionalism and competence. I'll be lucky if we get to work together for a spacewalk during our expedition.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898685520575869207
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Astronauci dokonują wyboru wyposażenia osobistego z ponad rocznym wyprzedzeniem.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:09 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+80 (11.15.23): Imagine having to pack for a 6 month camping/field trip. That's kind of what it's like for a long-duration mission. A lot of NASA folks work hard to support the logistics required for a long space flight that you probably wouldn't think about. The smallest details have to be thought out months in advance in order for it to be ready for astronauts when they arrive. Stuff like what astronauts will wear, their toiletries, notebooks, even highlighters. Astronauts make their selections over a year in advance to ensure this stuff is ready on a space delivery vehicle.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898677458750058834
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Trening w operowaniu Canadarm2
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:50 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+81 (11.16.23): One of the cooler things we can do on orbit is pilot the Canada arm to capture free-flying vehicles. Will go into more technical details of this in a later post. This particular location is modeled after the cupola section of the ISS since that is where most robotic captures are piloted from.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898687735700873360
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Trening z używania EMU.
Składa się on z wielu elementów: rękawic, ramion, górnej i dolnej części tułowia, nóg, kasków, przekładek pierścieniowych itp.
Każdy komponent ma dostępne różne rozmiary.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:56 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+82 (11.17.23): Astronauts come in all shapes and sizes. The EMU is comprised of multiple components: gloves, arms, upper and lower torsos, legs, helmets, ring spacers, etc. Each component has different sizes available. Here, Regan is teaching me how to resize the EMU to ensure a good fit for the astronaut going on a spacewalk, and how to inspect each component for safety.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898689300763435336
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Astronauta po miesiącu spędzonym na treningu w Star City wrócił do Houston.
Próby w NBL przed wejściem do wody.
Zapoznawanie się z uproszczoną pomocą w ratownictwie EVA (SAFER) i sposobem jej obsługi.
SAFER to w zasadzie "plecak odrzutowy", który znajduje się na plecach astronautów podczas EVA
W mało prawdopodobnym przypadku, gdy astronauta zostanie oddzielony od stacji kosmicznej podczas spaceru kosmicznego, SAFER pozwala astronaucie na powrót do stacji przy użyciu sprężonego azotu jako ciągu operacji wykonywanych w 6. potencjalnych stopniach swobody.
Kontroler ręczny do obsługi SAFER jest schowany w skrytce, do której można uzyskać dostęp po manipulowaniu uchwytem.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:02 PM · Mar 9, 2025
T+134 (1.8.24): After a month in Star City training with my Soyuz MS-27 crew mates, I'm back in Houston.
We stack the chips for success as much as possible and that means rehearsing NBL runs before getting in the water, we call these "1G's." This time, I get to learn from experienced spacewalker, Stan Love.
Afterwards, Regan familiarizes me with the Simplified Aid for EVA rescue (SAFER) and how to operate it. SAFER is basically what people would picture as a "jetpack" that is on the back of astronauts during a spacewalk. In the unlikely event an astronaut is separated from the space station during a spacewalk, SAFER allows an astronaut to pilot themselves back to station using compressed nitrogen as thrust in 6 potential degrees of freedom. More on this later. The hand controller to operate SAFER is tucked away in a compartment that is accessible by manipulating a handle.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1899470226632179758
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Połowa EVA wykonywana jest w świetle dziennym.
W całym NBL są wyłączane wszystkie światła, żeby symulować pracę w ciemnościach.
Krótki film przedstawiający przejście między "nocą" a "dniem".
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:39 PM · Mar 11, 2025
T+136 (1.10.24): Did you know that the ISS orbits the Earth about every 90 minutes? This has the consequence of experiencing ~16 sunrises and sunsets per day, even during a spacewalk. Half a spacewalk is spent in daylight, the other half in darkness. For those who have worked in the field in low vis conditions, you know that night is a different animal.
A pretty cool training tool the NBL uses to expose this environment is to turn off all the lights in the building. This is no small feat, as there are a lot of people, including divers, that are working in the building to keep operations safe. Here's a short video of the transition between "night" and "day." Shoutout to our amazing NASA team working to bring fidelity to our training.
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Trening z używania dużych narzędzi wykorzystywanych podczas EVA.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:57 PM · Mar 11, 2025
T+137 (1.11.24): This is Drew and he is part of my awesome EVA task training team (including Miranda and Jenna) familiarizing me with various large EVA tools. There are a lot of tools, some are multifunctional and some have single, specific jobs. Some are also very intense looking. It's hard to appreciate, but the task board has pressurized lines to mimic the rigidity that an astronaut might encounter on orbit. These rigid, pressurized lines are very difficult to manipulate on the ground, so I can only imagine how hard they are on orbit. Technique >> brute strength for successful mating of these lines.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1899474654252708150
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Moduł kontrolera ręcznego HCM (hand controller module) plecaka SAFER ma dwa tryby, z których każdy steruje 4 z 6 stopni swobody DOF (degrees of freedom).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:14 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+138 (1.12.24): As mentioned before, the SAFER can be used to pilot an astronaut in an emergency back to the ISS in the highly unlikely event they become untethered from station (would require independent mechanical and procedural errors so really unlikely). I find the handling controls to achieve this fascinating. The hand controller module (HCM) has two modes, with each mode controlling 4 of the 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). What are the 6 DOFs? It's a representation of movement through 3d space by either moving linearly (X, Y, Z) or rotating axially (Pitch, Yaw, Roll). If you play a first person video game, you are controlling 5 of the 6 DOFs without probably even thinking about it (WASD keys do the X,Y,Z translations while the mouse controls pitch/yaw).
One HCM mode is for translational control, moving in the X, Y and Z planes plus pitch (in other words, straight forward, backward, right, left, up and down). The other mode is for rotational control, allowing motion for pitch, yaw, roll plus X. There's also a button, auto attitude hold (AAH) that is super important. What it does is nullify all rotational motion. Remember Newton's 1st law (an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by an external force)? Say I'm accidentally removed from station, and I am spinning with an initial rotational velocity in all 3 axes (pitch/yaw/roll), then I need to introduce an acceleration in the opposite directions to stop spinning. The AAH button allows the SAFER to understand its rotational velocity and introduce the thrust in the opposite direction to stop that motion. In our VR piloting exercises, we setup an artificial situation where we get forcefully removed from station, at which point we have to enable the HCM and pilot back to the ISS. Our flight paths are captured to show how efficient and accurate we were. There is only enough compressed gas for one shot - if you miss, it's not good.
Attached pictures show the flight path of a "good" flight path and a "mediocre" one where I completed the objective, but took a bit of a sportier path. The technique to save yourself is all based in vector math, which I'll explain in a later post.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901532645290336597
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Druga długa podróż do Star City i trening przetrwania.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901550052415242303
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:23 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+141-173 (1.15-2.16.24): Second major trip in Star City, learning to work in the Soyuz as a flight engineer. One of the highlights of the trip was getting to work closely with my NASA backup and building relationships with our Russian colleagues. We particularly enjoyed our winter survival training, learning from our instructors how to survive off the land in a harsh environment until help arrives should the need arise.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901550052415242303
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Astronauta docenia przysmak Tvoroga z rosyjskiego zestawu przetrwania.
Więcej o MRE (Meal, Ready-to-Eat) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal,_Ready-to-Eat).
https://www.reddit.com/r/MRE/comments/vcfq93/space_food_featuring_a_few_mre_components/
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/hhp/space-food-systems/
I'd be remiss if I didn't mention one of the highlights of the training was discovering my love for Tvorog, which is a component of the Russian food survival kit, basically a Russian version of the MRE. Never had it before, hard to describe, but so delicious.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901552221260574823
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Praca zespołowa powiązana z dokładnym przestrzeganiem procedur.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:48 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+183 (2.26.24): No "i" in team. So much of what we do is support each other. Which is why we train so much in helping each other suit up before an EVA. When we say we put our lives in each other's hands, we mean it. That means being meticulous with each connection, following checklists, and backing each other up.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901576637000372570
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Trening w używaniu ARED Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) (https://nlsp.nasa.gov/view/lsdapub/lsda_hardware/IDP-LSDA_HARDWARE-0000000000000312).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:09 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+192 (3.6.24): Strength training is required for astronauts to fight bone loss and muscle atrophy in space. Leading up to a spaceflight, we have a dedicated astronaut strength, conditioning & rehabilitation coach (ASCR) to teach us how to use our on-orbit resistive device, ARED, and ensure we're following an optimized strength routine. Most of the exercises are compound movements, though we also do isolation exercises too. The squat is probably the most common and famous compound exercise on Earth, as it is on orbit.
Did you know that ARED uses two vacuum cylinders with pistons as the source of constant resistance? This constant resistive load can be changed from 50-600 pounds by adjusting the length of the lever arm. If you're having trouble imagining the source of resistance, pretend you have a small syringe, then push the plunger and cover the opening tip with your finger. If you pull back on the plunger, you will feel resistance because of the vacuum you created. Now attach that plunger to a complex series of lever arms and you have ARED. This is a major simplification of clever engineering but it captures the main concept.
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Astronaucie pomagał przy przygotowaniach do treningu EVA Edward Michael 'Mike' Fincke (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5748.msg190180#msg190180).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:20 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+194 (3.8.24): From one classroom to another. For run #3, I had the pleasure of working with and learning from Mike Fincke. Mike is one of the few US astronauts that has real EVA experience in both the US and Russian spacesuits.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901579325373030881
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Astronaucie przy zakładaniu skafandra kosmicznego pomagała Meganne Christian (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=6358.msg198562#msg198562).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:36 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+194 (3.8.24): But the highlight of the day was getting suited up by none other than my classmate and friend, Zena, who I hope to see up on the ISS soon. Also a shoutout to my two EVA systems instructors, Regan and Christian!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1901583437250654681
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POGO (partial gravity simulator) pomaga docenić astronautom znaczenie pozycji ciała i przeciwdziałających sił podczas spaceru kosmicznego.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:51 AM · Mar 17, 2025
T+197 (3.11.24): This contraption is called POGO (partial gravity simulator) and helps us appreciate the importance of body position and countering forces during a spacewalk. In a previous post, I talked about the importance of Newton's 3rd law and this is our practical way of understanding how that affects us. As you can see, takes a village of instructors and engineers to train astronauts for flight.
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Ultradźwięki pomagają w badaniach zdrowia i są wykorzystywane w diagnostyce.
NASA wykorzystuje je w badaniach medycznych, by ocenić wpływ jak lotów kosmicznych na zmiany w ludzkim ciele. Zastosowanie ultradźwięków jest użyteczne przy wykrywaniu ubytków powietrza.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:58 AM · Mar 23, 2025
T+205 (3.19.24): Ultrasound is an excellent tool with benefits in human health research, diagnostics, and even space station maintenance. Astronauts work in real-time with experts on the ground to guide ultrasound examinations. In my previous life, I used ultrasound to assist with medical procedures and gain valuable real-time patient information. Now, I'm getting reacquainted with a probe to help NASA with medical research on how spaceflight affects change in the human body. Other uses for ultrasound include air leak detection.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903702941476794372
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Dzień treningu skupił się na kamerach i zamrażarkach.
MELFI to zamrażarka, której astronauci używają do przechowywania próbek naukowych na potrzeby powrotu na Ziemię.
Jest tam okno o nazwie WORF (Windows Observational Research Facility)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:20 AM · Mar 23, 2025
T+207 (3.21.24): Instructors ensure astronauts have familiarity with the equipment they're likely to encounter on a mission. This day was focused on cameras and freezers.
MELFI is a freezer astronauts use to store science samples for return. There is a window called WORF (Windows Observational Research Facility) on the nadir side of the US LAB facing toward Earth. A clever design allows the window shutter to be actuated from the front of the rack.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903727384160842132
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Montaż i rozkładanie skafandra.
Trening montowania kluczowych komponentów we współpracy z kontrolą misji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:35 AM · Mar 23, 2025
T+208 (3.22.24): Assembly not always included. Sometimes our job entails putting things together and taking things apart. My EVA systems instructor, Regan, ensures I know how to properly handle the spacesuit and assemble critical components with collaboration from the ground teams.
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Trening z obsługi Canadarm2.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA Mar 23
T+211 (3.25.24): One of the fascinating properties of the Canadarm2 is the platform-agnostic approach to vehicle berthing operations. In other words, the arm can capture any type of space vehicle (or payload) because the attachment mechanism is the same. Space vehicles can connect to the ISS by either docking directly to the space station or berthing, which means it maintains a static distance from the space station while a robotic arm is piloted to attach to the vehicle then bring the vehicle to a docking port. The training environment in the video illustrates what it looks like to pilot a robotic arm to capture a vehicle. Shout out to the amazing robotics team headed by Tux.
Pomiar tempa metabolizmu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:59 AM · Mar 23, 2025
T+212 (3.26.24): NASA exercise and nutrition physiologists are invested in ensuring optimized health and performance of astronauts for long-duration missions. In addition to tracking the macronutrients astronauts consume during a mission, physiologists calculate our resting metabolic rates by having us breathe in a closed environment connected to a metabolic analyzer that measures oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂).
Another VO₂ measurement we do is the VO₂ max test, which measures the highest amount of oxygen our body can use during intense exercise (we use a stationary bike), which is an indicator of cardiovascular fitness. The VO₂ max test is repeated on-orbit throughout a long-duration mission to compare with our baseline.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903748339595632825
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Trening z EMU w SSATA (Space Station Airlock Test Article) z obniżeniem ciśnienia do próżni.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmuBx1bXIAAb4w8?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmuBx1bWgAAT4-I?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:40 AM · Mar 23, 2025
T+213 (3.27.24): Before a launch, astronauts get an opportunity to get in a class-I EMU spacesuit and depress to vacuum in a pressure chamber called SSATA (Space Station Airlock Test Article). SSATA is a human-rated, high fidelity, 1-G Airlock facility located in Johnson Space Center that provides flight-like simulation of Airlock and EVA operations in pressures ranging from vacuum to 1 atmosphere. This was Don's turn and as his backup, I worked with the team to support his suit-donning and airlock depressurization. Depressurizing to vacuum is a big deal and a lot of people at NASA work behind the scenes to make it safe.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903758762474676653
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Podczas dodatkowego miesiąca szkolenia w Gwiezdnym Miasteczku.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmuVz-ybMAAYxZ_?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim@JonnyKimUSA 1:08 PM · Mar 23, 2025
T+232 (4.15.24): A month of additional training in Star City, Soyuz seat molding, and official pictures with the MS-27 crew: Sergei Ryzhikov as CDR, Alexei Zubritskiy as Flight Engineer-1 and myself as FE-2.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903780791252902382
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NBL control center to pomieszczenie nad basenem, w którym instruktorzy EVA prowadzą astronautów podczas treningowych EVA.
Tutaj Jenna, jedna z instruktorek astronauty zadań podczas 4. spaceru astronauty w NBL.
Widoczny kontrast między dzienną i nocną porą spaceru w basenie NBL.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmvMgwrXUAAQ88T?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:09 PM · Mar 23, 2025
T+248 (5.1.24): The NBL control center is a room above the pool where our EVA task instructors lead us through NBL training runs. If you're ever visiting Johnson Space Center it's a great educational field trip. As mentioned in a previous post, there has been some experimenting with training in the dark to mimic a night pass during a spacewalk. Here, Jenna, one of my task instructors walks us through our 4th NBL run in the series and you can see the contrast between lights on and off in the pool.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903841487688810511
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Chwile relaksu podczas treningu.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmvPBfnW8AEtTuA?format=jpg&name=large)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmvPEfZWcAEOhy5?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:16 PM · Mar 23, 2025
T+250 (5.3.24): We're not all business all the time. Sharing fun moments with the training team is one of the best parts of the job.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903843180123943065
2) Budowanie silnych więzi w ramach NOLS (National Outdoor Leadership School).
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmvQxEFaAAAUWEe?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:23 PM · Mar 23, 2025
T+253 (5.6.24): Building strong bonds through shared challenge and vulnerability is a foundational principle of teamwork. The National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) has a history of collaborating with NASA to tailor expeditions to build on good expeditionary behaviors. We spent a week in the beautiful Pacific Northwest to build on these skills. Thank you, Katie and Ben!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903845024363618719
3) Trening z precyzyjnej naprawy wadliwych elementów.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GmvThcKXwAAkOsZ?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:35 PM · Mar 23, 2025
T+261 (5.14.24): Stuff breaks in space just like it does on Earth. And sometimes it makes more sense to repair than replace. This is one of the reasons why NASA promotes mechanical and electrical aptitude and awareness. Soldering is one of these skills.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903848195240739283
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Przymierzanie rękawic EMU przed załadowaniem ich na statek kosmiczny.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:46 PM · Mar 23, 2025
T+262 (5.15.24): Our suit engineers work hard to help astronauts get the perfect glove fit. Thank you to our friends at ILC Dover! Getting to try on your EMU gloves before they get loaded on a cargo space vehicle was so fun.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1903850848771322104
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Zginanie węży pod ciśnieniem, żeby szybkozłączki działały.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:07 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+267 (5.20.24): One of my favorite games with the EVA training team was asking Drew specific questions about the most obscure EVA equipment to see if I could stump him. I haven't won yet. In return, Jenna and Miranda would bend the pressurized hoses to make the quick disconnects as hard as possible to manipulate. Nothing says we care more than altruistic interference :) Thank you for the training, team!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904399629942231405
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Moduł łożyskowo-silnikowy BMRRM (Bearing Motor Roll Ring Module) (https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940028789) jest częścią zespołu BGA (Beta Gimbal Assembly) (https://cdn.aaai.org/ojs/13574/13574-40-17092-1-2-20201228.pdf) na ISS.
Aby zoptymalizować pozyskiwanie energii, panele słoneczne na ISS muszą być ustawione pod takim kątem, aby wychwycić jak najwięcej fotonów ze Słońca.
Idealnie byłoby, gdyby były one ustawione idealnie prostopadle do słońca, ale nie zawsze jest to możliwe z różnych powodów, takich jak zacienienie.
Ponieważ ISS nieustannie orbituje wokół Ziemi, panele słoneczne są stale obracane, aby utrzymać optymalny kąt.
Można sobie wyobrazić, że gdyby w przesyle danych i energii wykorzystywano kable, to podczas ciągłego obracania się paneli kable te skręcałyby się i plątały, albo BGA musiałby się rozkręcać, aby zapobiec zerwaniu połączeń.
Aby obejść tę trudność, NASA zaprojektowała BMRRM jako moduł typu „wszystko w jednym”.
Łączy on w sobie wsparcie konstrukcyjne dla paneli słonecznych, silnik napędowy umożliwiający ciągły obrót paneli o 360 stopni oraz styki do zasilania i przesyłania danych (bez kabli).
Istnieje komponent zwany podzespołem pierścienia obrotowego (roll ring subassembly), który wykorzystuje elementy toczne i pierścienie przewodzące do stworzenia urządzenia sprzęgającego obrót o 360 stopni, które utrzymuje ciągły kontakt elektryczny, umożliwiając przesyłanie energii elektrycznej i danych w całym zakresie obrotu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:23 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+269 (5.22.24): This is what I think is the coolest structural component of the ISS, the Bearing Motor Roll Ring Module, or BMRRM (pronounced "broom"). It's part of the Beta Gimbal Assembly (BGA) on the ISS (see figure). Before explaining why I think it's so cool, it's worth taking a step back to understand why it's important.
To optimize energy collection, the solar arrays on the ISS need to be angled to capture as many photons from the sun as possible. Ideally, it would be perfectly perpendicular to the sun, but that's not always possible for various reasons like shadowing. Since the ISS is constantly orbiting the Earth the solar arrays are constantly rotated to maintain an optimal angle. You can imagine if cables were involved in the data and power transfer, the cables would get twisted and tangled as the arrays kept rotating or the gimbal would need to unwind to prevent breaking the connections.
To get around this, NASA designed the BMRRM to be an all-in-one module. It combines structural support for the solar arrays, a drive motor to rotate the arrays 360 degrees continuously, and contacts to supply power and transfer data (without cables). How? There's a component called the roll ring subassembly, which uses rolling elements and conductive rings to create a 360-degree rotational coupling device that maintains continuous electrical contact allowing the transmission of electrical power and data over the entire rotational range. A similar concept applies for the alpha rotary joint. I think it's cool that a coupler can keep rotating and transfer power/data without cables.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904433973301760437
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NASA współpracuje z każdym międzynarodowym partnerem, aby zapewnić, że wszyscy astronauci na pokładzie będą jednolicie reagować w sytuacjach awaryjnych.
Ta przewidywalność i jednolitość minimalizują ryzyko nieporozumień i zwiększają kompatybilność między partnerami. Tego dnia instruktorzy współpracowali z rosyjską częścią załogi Sojuza MS-27, aby przećwiczyć te umiejętności.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:44 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+269 (5.22.24): As a member of the International Space Station, NASA works with each international partner to ensure every astronaut on board will execute an emergency response uniformly. This predictability and uniformity minimize the chances of confusion and increase cross-compatibility across partners. On this day, our instructors worked with my Soyuz crew to practice these skills.
ASCR to trenerzy zajmujący się siłą, kondycją i rehabilitacją astronautów, którzy współpracują z astronautami w celu opracowania programu fitness optymalizującego zdrowie i wydajność.
Ich praca ma kluczowe znaczenie dla powodzenia misji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:56 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+276 (5.29.24): ASCR's are astronaut strength, conditioning, and rehabilitation coaches that work with astronauts to develop a fitness program that optimizes health and performance. Their work is critical for mission success. Bruce is my ASCR and works hard to keep me challenged, correct my form, and give jokes. Thanks Bruce!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904442234952441907
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Kimberlee jest jedną z ekspertek NASA w dziedzinie urządzeń ARED (https://nlsp.nasa.gov/view/lsdapub/lsda_hardware/IDP-LSDA_HARDWARE-0000000000000312).
Jej wiedza jest bardzo duża przy pracach konserwacyjnych.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm3yWdFbgAAg0GV?format=jpg&name=large)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm3yW8Ob0AA2cn5?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:12 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+277 (5.30.24): A continuing theme at NASA is the value of maintenance and when necessary, repair. Kimberlee is one of our NASA subject matter experts on the ARED device, and did a phenomenal job teaching me how to conduct proper maintenance. Thank you Kimberlee!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904446218756898877
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Astronauci NASA odwiedzają Tsukubę, miasto w Japonii, które jest zlokalizowane na północ od Tokio, aby zapoznać się z obsługą japońskiego modułu ISS, Kibō.
Dla astronauty była to doskonała okazja na letnie wakacje z rodziną.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm34prXXUAAHn4p?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm34qJ5bwAAoBK5?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kimv@ JonnyKimUSA 9:37 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+292 (6.14.24): The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been an international partner with NASA for decades. As part of the training leading to an ISS mission, NASA astronauts visit Tsukuba, a city in Japan just north of Tokyo, to learn operations within the Japanese ISS module, Kibō. It's a wonderful opportunity to visit a beautiful country and work with our Japanese colleagues. The highlight for me was being able to bring my family along to kickstart our kid's summer vacation from school.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904452639795945819
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Trening przetrwania w wodzie.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm39VZpXUAA1nZA?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:56 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+299 (6.21.24): Water survival is an important skill when traversing over any large body of water since that may be a potential landing spot. This applies to pilots who fly over water as well as astronauts. This trip back to Star City highlighted the importance of teamwork and survival in the unlikely event of a Soyuz landing in water. Photos courtesy of Roscosmos.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904457294865162480
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Jedno z badań CIPHER (https://www.nasa.gov/reference/about-cipher/CIPHER) dotyczące adaptacji sensomotorycznej do zmian w warunkach grawitacyjnych.
Badanie rejestrowało zmiany w układzie przedsionkowym za pomocą oprogramowania do śledzenia ruchu gałek ocznych.
Test polegał na kręceniu się na krześle i próbie skupienia wzroku na tym samym punkcie w okularach.
Test ten stanowił punkt wyjścia i będzie powtarzany w trakcie lotu i po locie.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm4IjMjXAAAy15G?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:44 AM · Mar 25, 2025
T+323 (7.15.24): CIPHER is the name of a large, integrated study that scientists from around the globe are collaborating on to understand how humans adapt to long-duration missions in space. Data is gathered from astronauts pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight through biological samples, eye and vision exams, cognition and behavioral tests, cardiovascular exercises, ultrasounds, MRIs, and other technologies and techniques.
This was one of the CIPHER studies exploring sensorimotor adaptation to changes in gravity environments. Specifically, examining changes in our vestibular system using eye-tracking software. The test involved spinning in a chair and attempting to focus on the same spot in the vision headset. This test served as a baseline and will be repeated again in-flight and post-flight. For more information about the CIPHER studies, head over to https://nasa.gov/hrp/cipher/
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904469527385260042
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Dzień zdjęciowy.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm87DHbXcAArSSJ?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Gm87GhbXQAAUmXn?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:23 AM · Mar 26, 2025
T+325 (7.17.24): Picture day! Thanks to NASA scientific photographers, Josh Valcarcel & Bill Stafford, who do magic with a lens and continue the tradition of capturing astronaut portraits. Getting portraits in our EMU spacesuit is a once-in-a-career opportunity and couldn't happen without our suit engineers in the background. Thanks, y'all. Photo credit: Josh Valcarcel
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1904811328855830931
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Używanie smarownicy do smarowania elementów mechanicznych.
Ostatnio była używana podczas EVA 89 do smarowała zespół łożysk wysuwnych SARJ (Solar Alpha Rotary Joint) (https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160001861).
Demonstracja działania zespołu blokady napędu w przegubie obrotowym Solar Alpha.
To element, który umożliwia obrót kratownicy z panelami słonecznymi.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:35 AM · Mar 26, 2025
T+331 (7.23.24): There's an EVA tool for every imaginable task on orbit, including a caulk-style grease gun for lubricating mechanical components. It doesn't get used too often. The last time was with @lunarloral on US EVA 89 greasing the SARJ trundle bearing assembly (which she did amazingly well without making a mess!). There's also an attachment to get grease in difficult locations.
Lucas does a great job demonstrating how the drive lock assembly on the solar alpha rotary joint works. This is a component that allows the truss containing the solar arrays to rotate.
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Piąty EVA w NBL w ramach szkolenia przed misją na ISS to zazwyczaj ostateczna runda ewaluacyjna.
Zespół szkoleniowy i ewaluacyjny musi zapewnić bezpieczeństwo, kompetencje i niezawodność astronautów podczas spacerów kosmicznych.
Zespół stawia bezpieczeństwo na pierwszym miejscu, oceniając jednocześnie pracę zespołową, przestrzeganie procedur i zdolność do odejścia od planu, gdy sytuacja wykracza poza normę.
Jest to standardowy przebieg treningu w NBL z wbudowaną akcją ratunkową.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:33 AM · Mar 27, 2025
T+337 (7.29.24): The 5th NBL run during a training flow for an ISS mission is usually the final evaluation run, where everything counts. The training and evaluation team must ensure that astronauts are safe, competent, and reliable during a spacewalk. The team prioritizes safety above all, while also assessing teamwork, adherence to procedures, and the ability to deviate from the plan when things go off-nominal.
This run is one of the major milestones in the training flow, and I was privileged to share it with @Astro_Ayers, who is currently in space with Crew-10, and Don Pettit on E72. Other than being an evaluation, it’s a fairly standard NBL run with a rescue scenario baked in. Vapor and I passed, and we have our training teams to thank for it. Thanks, y'all!
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905161290064048199
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Zamrażarka laboratoryjna MELFI (Minus Eighty-degree Laboratory Freezer for the ISS) (https://nlsp.nasa.gov/view/lsdapub/lsda_hardware/IDP-LSDA_HARDWARE-0000000000000327).
Wewnątrz temperatura może wynosić -95°C
Ma cztery cylindry magazynujące, zwane pojemnikami Dewara, a każdy z nich zawiera cztery tace, które są dodatkowo podzielone na moduły.
Próbki naukowe są zamrażane w MELFI, aby zapewnić ich trwałość do przyszłych badań po powrocie na Ziemię.
(2) W ramach badania CIPHER naukowcy NASA badają, jak zmiany grawitacji wpływają na funkcje sensomotoryczne,
Proste czynności, jak stanie, chodzenie i siedzenie, wymagają rozległej koordynacji między układami sensorycznymi, motorycznymi i móżdżkowymi.
Ten test służy NASA jako punkt odniesienia do porównania z wynikami po locie astronauty.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:53 AM · Mar 27, 2025
T+338 (7.30.24): There are several science refrigerators and freezers on the space station. My favorite is MELFI, which stands for Minus Eighty-degree Laboratory Freezer for the ISS. Technically, it has a set point of -95°C, but I think "MNLFI" would probably be hard to say. Here’s the ground-based version we train on before using the real one in space.
It has four storage cylinders, called dewars, and each dewar contains four trays, which are further subdivided into modules. Science samples are frozen in MELFI to ensure they remain preserved for future study upon return to Earth. Cool, right?
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:10 AM · Mar 27, 2025
T+339 (7.31.24): As part of the CIPHER study, NASA scientists are exploring how changes in gravity affect sensorimotor function to ensure success in future deep space exploration missions. It may seem easy, but tasks as simple as standing, walking, and sitting require extensive coordination across sensory, motor, and cerebellar systems. We take these actions for granted because we don’t have to think about them in our everyday lives. This test serves as a baseline for NASA to compare against my post-flight results. Many thanks to the scientists who work every day to better understand our place in space.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905170427217096730
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Kolejna część badania CIPHER dotyczy sposobów łagodzenia zaniku mięśni w warunkach mikrograwitacji i jego wpływu na siłę funkcjonalną.
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Ćwiczenie w zaciskaniu wtyczek RJ-45 na kablach Cat5e.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:58 AM · Mar 27, 2025
T+339 (7.31.24): Another part of the CIPHER study involves understanding ways to mitigate muscle atrophy in microgravity and the impact this has on functional strength. Exercise scientists at NASA use various tools to study this, and this is one of them. It’s called an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and here’s how it works: you stand on top of a force plate, zero/tare the scale, and then pull as hard as you can against an immovable object—in this case, the barbell, which is strapped down.
The IMTP is well-studied in exercise science because it’s standardized, time-efficient, technique-agnostic, and safer than a 1-rep max. These results will be compared with mid-thigh pulls in space at various times, as well as post-flight after the mission.
The important metric for NASA is not the total force one can generate, but the changes in total force that one can generate across different environmental and gravity factors. A special thanks to Dana Gardner and the Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Lab at Johnson Space Center. For more information about CIPHER, head to https://nasa.gov/hrp/cipher/ or to check out the JSC Exercise Lab, visit https://nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/hhp/exercise-physiology-and-countermeasures/#hds-sidebar-nav-4.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:25 AM · Mar 27, 2025
T+339 (7.31.24): One of the things the people behind NASA are really good at is encouraging each other to develop new skills and refine old ones, embracing a very DIY attitude. Prior to NASA, I had an interest in building computers, servers, and creating my own wired network at home. I never thought that crimping RJ-45 plugs onto Cat5e cables would ever come in handy in the future. My point is that developing new skills and adopting a DIY mindset can not only be fun, but it can also surprise you with how much you learn and grow—and how much that can translate to your everyday life.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905189385282191423
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Podczas wizyty w Gwiezdnym Miasteczku dokonano sprawdzenia dopasowania skafandrów Sokol, odbyły się egzaminy kwalifikacyjne do Sojuza a astronauta wspierał Donalda Pettita.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GnCnTLQXMAAIzb3?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:40 AM · Mar 27, 2025
T+381 (9.11.24): This trip to Star City was for our Sokol suit fit checks, Soyuz qualification exams, and to support Don as his backup. It was a great opportunity to gain cultural insights and learn from veteran astronauts. I really enjoyed spending time with Don during quarantine, and the highlight was watching his rocket roll out and then launch his crew for Expedition 72. Photos courtesy of Roscosmos.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905208258597380386
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Szkolenie w celu zdobycia licencji krótkofalarskiej.
Na ISS oprócz ARED (https://nlsp.nasa.gov/view/lsdapub/lsda_hardware/IDP-LSDA_HARDWARE-0000000000000312) do dyspozycji astronautów jest bieżnia T2 (https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Node-3_Cupola/T2_Colbert_Treadmill) i rower stacjonarny CEVIS (https://spacecenter.org/solving-space-space-bike/) do ćwiczeń pomagających zapewnić sprawność układu sercowo-naczyniowego.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GnGjJaeXoAAl_yC?format=jpg&name=large)(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GnGjLYiWwAA84cc?format=jpg&name=large)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:55 AM · Mar 28, 2025
T+389 (9.19.24): Do you do ham radio? I’d never tried it before, but as part of the training flow before an ISS mission, the crew is given an opportunity to earn their amateur radio license. It’s another way for the crew to share education and outreach with amateur radio enthusiasts and organizations like schools while on the space station. Kenneth, our ham radio project coordinator, helped me get certified—thanks, Ken!
In addition to ARED, we have the T2 treadmill and CEVIS stationary bike for cardiovascular fitness. This was one of my last chances to operate the equipment, and Kimberlee ensures astronauts know how to use it before launch.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905483900119334948
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Sprawdzanie wyposażenia, takiego jak 25 m linki bezpieczeństwa, która pozwala utrzymać astronautę przy ISS podczas EVA, gdyby się za daleko oddalił.
MWS (mini-workstation) jest mocowany do klatki piersiowej skafandra kosmicznego i działa jak uprząż do przechowywania narzędzi.
Treningi w NBL koncentrują się teraz mniej na ocenach, a bardziej na zapoznawaniu załogi ze sprzętem i procedurami.
Astronauta zapoznał się ze spektrometrem magnetycznym Alpha, którego planowana jest modernizacja.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:09 AM · Mar 28, 2025
T+394 (9.24.24): We’re trusted with a lot of responsibility. We ensure we respect and care for our equipment so it will care for us when we need it. Part of that respect and accountability involves inspecting our gear, like this 85' safety tether reel that will keep us tethered to the space station in the unlikely event we drift off the ISS during a spacewalk. Lifesaving equipment deserves proper attention and respect, so Drew is ensuring I know how to inspect it correctly.
Another area where astronauts are given autonomy is how we customize our working equipment. Attached is a picture of how I typically customize my mini-workstation—we call it “MWS” for short. The MWS attaches to the chest area of the spacesuit, functioning like a harness to hold tools. Uniformity has its strengths, but so does individual autonomy in operating one’s own gear. Back when I was an operator with Naval Special Warfare, I was given a similar level of trust and autonomy over my equipment customization. As long as teammates follow standardized operating procedures (SOPs), as we do at NASA, individual preferences can coexist with uniformity.
NBL runs 6–9 are less focused on evaluations and more focused on familiarizing the crew with the hardware and procedures they may encounter during the expedition. I had an opportunity to work with Andre Douglas as we familiarized ourselves with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, which may see an upgrade later this year.
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W szkolenie astronautów zaangażowane są liczne zespoły.
Np. przy treningu NBL pracują instruktorzy i personel pomocniczy, aby przygotować plan lekcji obejmujący procedury i sprzęt w suchym środowisku.
Następnie cały zespół nurków i personel centrum kontroli omawia plan bezpieczeństwa i nadzoruje próbę w basenie.
Lekarze upewniają się czy astronauci są w dobrej kondycji fizycznej
Inżynierowie od kombinezonów upewniają się, że astronauci są odpowiednio ubrani i gotowi do działania przed zwiększeniem ciśnienia i założeniem sprzętu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:11 AM · Mar 28, 2025
T+408 (10.8.24): One thing that isn’t obvious to the public is how many people at NASA are needed to support our training. It truly takes a village for mission success, and these folks don’t always get the recognition they deserve.
Take a single NBL run, for example. We need instructors and support personnel to prepare a lesson plan covering procedures and equipment in a dry environment. Then an entire team of divers and control center staff briefs the safety plan and oversees the pool rehearsal. Astronauts then brief their personal safety and support divers about the upcoming run. Physicians examine us to ensure we’re medically fit. Finally, suit engineers ensure we’re properly suited up and ready to go before pressurization and gear donning. It might just be a Tuesday for them, but it’s still a lot of work. Thank you to our public servants who work hard each day for the mission!
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905533203965698164
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Załoga Sojuza MS-27 ćwiczyła scenariusze awaryjne z załogą Crew-10.
Główne sytuacje awaryjne obejmują działania w sytuacji pożaru, dekompresji i toksycznej atmosfery.
Do szkolenia jest wykorzystywana pełnowymiarowa makieta amerykańskich modułów ISS zlokalizowana w budynku nr 9 w JSC.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:51 AM · Mar 28, 2025
T+409 (10.9.24): Integrated training and simulations are a cornerstone in developing standardized operating procedures and solid teamwork between crews and mission control on the ground in case of an emergency. On this day, our Soyuz crew (MS-27) practiced emergency scenarios with Crew-10. The major emergencies we train for are fire, depressurization, and a toxic atmosphere. We set aside time to brief and debrief each event with instructors who devise ways to introduce emergencies. If you’re ever touring Johnson Space Center, you might recognize this facility as Building 9. It houses a full-size, 1:1-scale mockup of the International Space Station. It takes a village to coordinate and support these events—huge thanks to our increment training team!
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Poza Mission Control Houston istnieje jeszcze POIC (Payload Operations and Integration Center) (https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/marshalls-payload-operations-center-the-place-to-get-support-for-mission-operations/) zlokalizowane w Marshall Space Flight Center w Huntsville w Alabamie.
POIC można traktować jako „centrum kontroli lotów naukowych stacji kosmicznej”.
Umożliwia ono astronautom bezpośrednią komunikację z przedstawicielami głównego badacza nadzorującego każdy konkretny eksperyment naukowy.
Podobnie jak Houston, POIC działa 24 godziny na dobę, 7 dni w tygodniu, 365 dni w roku, zapewniając ciągłe wsparcie dla operacji naukowych ISS.
Załoga odwiedziła POIC i spotkała się z niektórymi osobami, z którymi prawdopodobnie będzie współpracować podczas misji.
(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GnHc9YrWIAAYV4f?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:10 AM · Mar 28, 2025
T+411 (10.11.24): While you’ve probably heard of Mission Control Houston, the main control center for day-to-day space operations, NASA actually has more than one control center. Another you may not know about is the Payload Operations and Integration Center (POIC), located at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Think of the POIC as the "Mission Control of Space Station science." It enables astronauts to communicate directly with representatives of the principal investigator overseeing each specific science experiment. Like Houston, the POIC operates 24/7, 365 days a year, ensuring continuous support for ISS science operations. Our crew had a great opportunity to visit the POIC and meet some of the people we’re likely to talk to during our expedition, putting faces to the voices we’ll hear.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905548151047803166
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Astronauci mają możliwość założenie kombinezonu EMU klasy I i rozhermetyzowania go do próżni w specjalnej komorze ciśnieniowej zwanej SSATA.
W warunkach próżni astronauci uruchamiają różne przełączniki, osłony przeciwsłoneczne i zawory w skafandrze, takie jak zawór odpowietrzający hełmu.
Pomaga to zapoznać się z naturalnymi dźwiękami i wibracjami emitowanymi przez skafander podczas procesu obniżania ciśnienia.
Chociaż komora obniża ciśnienie do poziomu bliskiego próżni, w skafandrze utrzymuje się ciśnienie 4,3 psi – około 30% ciśnienia atmosferycznego na poziomie morza.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 12:43 PM · Mar 28, 2025
T+417 (10.17.24): Astronauts have the opportunity to get into a Class I hardware EMU suit and depressurize to vacuum in a special pressure chamber called SSATA. On this day, I was assisted by my crewmates, Anne and Tak, to inspect the suit and don it, just as we would on the space station. Depressurizing to vacuum is no small feat, but we do it because there is a lot to learn from experiencing real depressurization.
At vacuum, we demonstrate our reach and mobility by actuating different switches, sun visors and valves, on the suit, such as the helmet purge valve. This also helps familiarize us with the natural sounds and vibrations the suit emits throughout the depressurization process. One thing I wasn't expecting was a change in the sound of my voice, which is a side effect of the reduced air pressure. Although the chamber depresses to near vacuum, the spacesuit remains pressurized at 4.3 psi—about 30% of atmospheric pressure at sea level.
Going to vacuum also enabled two fun science experiments: (1) exploring the relationship between water phases, pressure, and temperature, and (2) demonstrating Galileo's famous thought experiment of free fall, showing that two objects of different masses dropped from the same height will hit the ground at the same time if air resistance is negligible.
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Eksperyment (1) Przemiany fazowe H2O.
Diagram faz wody ilustruje ten efekt: zmniejszanie ciśnienia (przesuwanie się w dół osi Y) powoduje przejście wody ze stanu ciekłego w gazowy, a chłodzenie (przesuwanie się w lewo osi X) powoduje przejście wody ze stanu ciekłego w stały.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 1:35 PM · Mar 28, 2025
T+417 (10.17.24): Experiment (1) H2O Phase Transitions
Place a bowl of water at room temperature under normal atmospheric pressure. Then, depressurize the chamber to a vacuum. You will observe the water beginning to boil slowly, then more violently, before eventually forming chunks of ice. Why does this happen?
Water exists in three phases: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor, sometimes called steam when above the boiling point). This experiment demonstrates the relationship between water's phase, pressure, and temperature.
At sea level, water boils at 100°C (212°F) under standard atmospheric pressure. If you travel to higher altitudes, where atmospheric pressure is lower, you may have noticed that water boils at a lower temperature. This occurs because a decrease in pressure lowers the boiling point, requiring less energy for water molecules to transition into the gas phase. While boiling is often associated with heat, it simply refers to the phase transition from liquid to gas, which depends on pressure as well as temperature.
In this experiment, as the chamber is depressurized to a vacuum, the pressure drops rapidly, lowering the boiling point of water to below room temperature. This causes the water to boil violently. As it evaporates, the process removes heat from the remaining liquid (a phenomenon known as evaporative cooling), causing the water’s temperature to drop quickly. This continues until the water cools below its freezing point, at which point it suddenly turns to ice.
A water phase diagram illustrates this effect: reducing pressure (moving down the Y-axis) transitions water from liquid to gas, while cooling (moving left on the X-axis) transitions it from liquid to solid.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905599531724517663
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Eksperyment Galileusza ze spadaniem obiektu (https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/motion-of-free-falling-object/) wykonany przez astronautę w komorze próżniowej z użyciem kawałka mylaru i bloku teflonu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:01 PM · Mar 28, 2025
T+417 (10.17.24): Experiment (2) – Galileo's Fall Experiment
Until Galileo, a 16th-century astronomer, people believed that the speed at which an object fell depended on its mass—specifically, that heavier objects always fell faster than lighter ones. However, in the 1600s, Galileo proposed that if air resistance were negligible, objects of different masses would fall at the same rate.
In this experiment, I have two objects inside the depressed vacuum chamber: a piece of mylar (the stuff from helium balloons) and a Teflon block. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the Teflon block would fall faster than the mylar. However, in a vacuum, when both objects are dropped from the same height, they hit the ground simultaneously. Why?
This happens because, in normal atmospheric conditions, air molecules create resistance, and lighter objects like feathers experience more drag relative to their weight, slowing their fall. In a vacuum, with no air molecules to cause resistance, all objects accelerate equally due to gravity.
Astronaut David Scott demonstrated this principle during Apollo 15 when he dropped a hammer and a feather on the Moon, and both struck the lunar surface at the same time.
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Załoga rozpoczęła serię przeglądów poprzedzających końcowy egzamin kwalifikacyjny, który odbywa się tuż przed kwarantanną i startem.
Załoganci skupiali się na pracy zespołowej w sytuacjach nietypowych, zarówno w rosyjskim segmencie ISS, jak i na pokładzie Sojuza.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:47 AM · Mar 29, 2025
T+431 (10.31.24): After the launch of Don's Soyuz MS-26 crew, our backup crew (MS-27) became the prime crew. As members of the prime crew, we began a series of reviews leading up to a final qualification exam, which takes place just before quarantine and launch. Similar to how international astronauts receive integrated training when they travel to Houston, American astronauts also collaborate with international instructors on integrated training while overseas. During this trip, our Soyuz crew focused on teamwork in off-nominal situations, both in the Russian segment of the ISS and aboard the Soyuz. Photos courtesy of Roscosmos.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1905934751287877674
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Kolejny etap szkolenia.
Podstawy działania Canadarm2 (https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/iss/canadarm2/) w skrócie.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:27 AM · Mar 30, 2025
T+450 (11.19.24): Here are the basics of how robotic arm capture on the ISS works and how astronauts train for it. The Canadarm2 lives on the outside of the space station, has seven movable joints, and performs tasks such as grabbing payloads, vehicles, and even astronauts during spacewalks. The software can be loaded with instructions for autonomous movement, or it can be piloted manually from inside the space station. It can also be controlled from Mission Control Center-Houston on the ground, though latency makes this less ideal for dynamic events like vehicle capture.
At the end of the Canadarm2 is the Latching End Effector (LEE), a robotic "hand" designed to securely grasp and manipulate objects in space. The arm is carefully aligned with a grapple fixture, a special attachment point on spacecraft or payloads. Cameras and sensors help ensure precise positioning. Once in the correct position, the snares inside the LEE are actuated (with a trigger if flown manually), grabbing the grapple fixture. The LEE’s motor and latches then pull the fixture inward for a tight and secure grip.
The inceptors used for piloting the robotic arm are the Translational Hand Controller (THC) in the left hand, which controls up/down, left/right, and in/out, and the Rotational Hand Controller (RHC) in the right hand, which controls roll, pitch, and yaw. One characteristic of the Canadarm2 is that the longer the arm extends, the greater the moment arm, making it more prone to pilot-induced oscillation (PIO). This happens when overcorrection causes undesirable wobbling at the end of the arm—a situation you definitely want to avoid when trying to stay within a tight capture envelope for the targeted grapple fixture.
David, my instructor, has been instrumental in helping me apply corrections early and smoothly, ensuring no sudden movements as we approach the target. In the video, he's acting as what we call an "M2"—an arm operator dedicated to supporting M1 with situational awareness calls and emergency response. At the end of our training runs, we receive a report card detailing our accuracy, precision, and input smoothness across six degrees of freedom (DOFs), which we strive to keep as controlled as possible.
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W ramach badania CIPHER (https://www.nasa.gov/reference/about-cipher/) astronauci biorą udział w licznych testach sensomotorycznych poprzedzających lot kosmiczny.
Jeden z tych testów ma na celu zbadanie zmian neuroprzedsionkowych i proprioceptywnych zachodzących w wyniku zmian grawitacji.
Test z obracania się dokładnie o żądaną liczbę stopni będzie powtórzony na ISS i po locie.
Innym badaniem jest obrazowanie oczu astronautów za pomocą optycznej tomografii koherentnej (OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:27 AM · Mar 30, 2025
T+453 (11.22.24): NASA scientists work hard to understand our place in space. As part of the CIPHER study, astronauts participate in multiple sensorimotor tests leading up to spaceflight. One of these tests aims to study neurovestibular and proprioceptive changes that occur with shifts in gravity. The task is simple and straightforward: close your eyes and attempt to turn exactly the requested number of degrees. However, performing this accurately without visual input is surprisingly difficult. These tests will be repeated on orbit aboard the ISS and again post-flight.
Another study we participate in involves imaging our eyes using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT captures high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina, helping us better understand changes in eye anatomy and health after prolonged exposure to microgravity. This research is particularly important for studying conditions like Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). We will also undergo these imaging exams pre-flight, during flight, and post-flight.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906261880689353210
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Podcast NASA powstał w 07.2017, mniej więcej w tym samym czasie, gdy powstała NASA grupa 22 (http://lk.astronautilus.pl/astros/nasa22.htm), której członkiem jest astronauta.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:48 AM · Mar 30, 2025
T+467 (12.6.24): Did you know that NASA has a podcast? It was started in July of 2017, right around the time my class, the Turtles, joined NASA. Since then, NASA has released hundreds of episodes spanning everything from space and science to food and life at NASA. It was a great time working with this crew and talking with our own Kenna Pell.
https://nasa.gov/podcasts/houston-we-have-a-podcast/the-pursuit-of-lifelong-learning/
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Kolejnym badaniem CIPHER, nad którym pracują naukowcy z NASA, jest analiza realnych możliwości astronautów po wylądowaniu na innej planecie po długim pobycie w warunkach mikrograwitacji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:41 AM · Mar 30, 2025
T+467 (12.6.24): Another CIPHER study NASA scientists are exploring is what astronauts may realistically be capable of after landing on another planetary body following an extended duration in microgravity. Various metrics were observed in our xEMU suit (a prototype of a next-generation planetary suit), including an AMRAP-type activity, various simulated planetary tasks, and ambulation at different inclines. The pre-flight observations will be compared against the post-flight metrics.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906280682571112938
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NASA udostępnia publicznie DOUG (Dynamic Onboard Ubiquitous Graphics) (https://software.nasa.gov/software/MSC-23586-1), który umożliwia użytkownikom latanie po ISS.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:00 AM · Mar 31, 2025
T+472 (12.11.24): NASA has an incredible free resource available to the public called DOUG, which enables users to fly around the ISS. Developed in our own VR training lab at JSC, DOUG is a powerful planning tool that allows us to rehearse procedures and familiarize ourselves with a worksite—just like Drew is doing for me here. We used DOUG to support multiple simultaneous users, allowing us to practice the coordination between robotic arm operators and spacewalkers. A big thanks to the JSC VR crew for supporting much of our training for EVA and robotics! DOUG can be downloaded for free here, courtesy of NASA: https://nasa.gov/virtual-reality-lab-doug/
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Astronauci prowadzą na pokładzie ISS badania biometryczne człowieka, z użyciem specjalnej opaski na głowę.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:32 AM · Mar 31, 2025
T+520 (1.28.25): Meet our ISS Science Communications team (@ISS_Research)! They help share the incredible science and education astronauts conduct aboard the ISS, including the human biometrics study I’m currently wearing as a headband.
Check out the research findings they post here:
https://nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-research-and-technology/space-station-research-results/
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906519951919202656
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Ostatni trening w NBL.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:38 AM · Mar 31, 2025
T+522 (1.30.25): Last NBL run—one final opportunity to get hands-on experience with potential hardware we may encounter during the expedition. Grateful to have spent it with friends. Thank you for all the help, team!
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906521509926928641
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Świętowanie zakończenia szkolenia.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:59 AM · Mar 31, 2025
T+547 (2.24.25): A multi-decade NASA tradition before a mission is to celebrate and acknowledge the support personnel behind the training. The division(s) that stood out are honored by hanging the expedition plaque in Building 9. This ceremony is repeated after the completion of the mission in Mission Control.
I’d like to express my gratitude to everyone at NASA who helped me along this journey, with a special thank you to my fellow crew members, training integrator Lindsay, and crew admin Andee, for supporting me as both friends and colleagues.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906526641947345353
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Ostatnia podróż do Gwiezdnego Miasteczka, gdzie nasza załoga MS-27 kończy szkolenie i zdaje ostatnie egzaminy kwalifikacyjne do lotu Sojuzem i na ISS przed uzyskaniem zgody komisji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:05 AM · Mar 31, 2025
T+564 (3.13.25): Final trip to Star City, where our MS-27 crew wraps up training and takes our final Soyuz and ISS qualification exams before receiving the commission's approval. Photos courtesy of Roscosmos.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906558477331288272
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Po zdaniu egzaminów końcowych i otrzymaniu zgody komisji odbyła się konferencja prasowa załogi.
Tradycje przedstartowe.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 12:53 PM · Mar 31, 2025
T+570 (3.19.25): Upon completing our final exams and receiving the commission’s approval, we held a press conference. Following tradition, our crew wrote a message and added our signatures to a book at the local museum—a collection of astronaut and cosmonaut messages, including Neil Armstrong’s—before paying our respects to Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space, and Sergei Korolev, the visionary chief designer behind the space program that enabled Gagarin’s historic flight.
A huge thank you to Dasha, my interpreter, who has supported me over the past 1.5 years—navigating everything from technical translations to cultural discussions—and to my incredible crewmates.
Photos courtesy of Roscosmos.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906661106116091954
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Załoga Sojuza udała się na kwarantannę do kosmodromu Bajkonur.
Kontrola dopasowania i szczelności skafandrów Sokol.
Pierwsza z dwóch inspekcji statku kosmicznego Sojuz.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:52 AM · Apr 1, 2025
T+572 (3.21.25): Our Soyuz crew departed for quarantine at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, leaving behind our small NASA family in Star City. A big thanks to the Star City NASA crew, especially Sasha, Alla, John, and Kathy, for all their support over the last 1.5 years.
Upon arriving in Baikonur, our crew and specialists got to work quickly. First, we performed fit and leak checks on our Sokol suits. The Sokol suit is an intravehicular activity (IVA) suit, meaning it is not designed for use outside a space vehicle, unlike the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU). Since it is intended only for use inside the spacecraft, it does not require the same level of protection and life support equipment as the EMU, making it much less bulky than an extravehicular activity (EVA) suit. The primary purpose of an IVA suit is to provide a life-saving pressurized atmosphere in the unlikely event of cabin depressurization.
Next, we inspected our Soyuz spacecraft, took our seats, and checked various system functions, including a communications check. This was the first of two fit checks before launch. Just like NASA, Roscosmos has a dedicated team of specialists and engineers ensuring the crew is safe and well-prepared for success. The checks concluded with a meeting with the commission to discuss any issues.
Photos courtesy of Roscosmos.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1906917463142412474
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Ceremonia sadzenia drzewka
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:35 AM · Apr 6, 2025
T+588/L-2: The days leading up to launch are a mix of classes, briefings, relaxation, reflection, and time-honored traditions. One of those is planting a tree—every cosmonaut and astronaut who has flown under Roscosmos has one in the garden within the quarantine compound, starting with Yuri Gagarin. Another is watching the rocket roll out to the launch pad, where it’s slowly raised to vertical—a moment shared by the backup crew and guests.
NASA does an incredible job supporting our crews. They send fellow astronauts from the office to personally support the families and guests of those launching. I couldn’t be more grateful to have two of my closest friends (and classmates), Loral and Woody, here for my loved ones. Thanks Turtles.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1908800620405858558
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Dzień startu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:46 PM · Apr 7, 2025
T+590 / L-0: Launch Day. As Yuri Gagarin famously said: Поехали! (Let’s go!)
Behind every successful astronaut is an extraordinary team of dedicated individuals who truly care. At NASA, we’re renowned for engineering excellence, groundbreaking research, and pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. But what truly sets us apart is our people. It’s not the rockets, planes, satellites, or science that define this agency—it’s the remarkable individuals who bring it all to life — always has been, and always will be. So, to those who faithfully serve our public to make this possible: thank you.
To @Astro_ChrisW, my backup: I can’t wait to see you launch. Thank you for your unwavering support and friendship.
To my family: I love you, and I look forward to reuniting with you.
https://plus.nasa.gov/scheduled-video/soyuz-ms-27-launch-with-jonny-kim/
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1909316988486246579
https://x.com/NASA/status/1909467613706543284
John Kraus @johnkrausphotos 5:23 AM · Apr 8, 2025
Godspeed @JonnyKimUSA - you exemplify all of what it means to be an astronaut and I’m so thrilled your launch day is finally here 💪 safe journey and can’t wait to see all you do on ISS.
https://x.com/johnkrausphotos/status/1909447005891440697
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Minął ponad tydzień od startu.
Wspomnienia astronauty towarzyszące rozpoczęciu misji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 1:48 AM · Apr 17, 2025
It’s been just over a week since our launch. As I reflect, these are the core memories that will stay with me from that unforgettable day:
Watching the suit engineers meticulously check each connection and seal—something I deeply appreciated.
Seeing my friends and family during walkout. My children, smiling behind the glass, playing rock-paper-scissors with me as we waited for the pressure check. Waving our final goodbyes.
Walking up to our rocket and realizing—it’s a living, breathing giant. The gravity of the moment didn’t fully hit me until I saw frosty snowflakes drifting off the supercooled rocket and heard the groans of metal expanding and contracting.
Thinking of my family as I listened to our launch playlist while waiting on the launchpad. Then listening to the engines roar to life, feeling the G-forces slowly building in our chests, and being impressed by how familiar it all felt—the launch, ascent, and orbital insertion—like another sim or centrifuge run. A true testament to the depth and excellence of the training we received.
And then there it was, the International Space Station. A shining cathedral of metal, floating just beyond our window on final approach.
Reuniting with our friends from MS-26 and Crew-10 after hatch opening was a moment of pure joy.
Life aboard the ISS has been busy adjusting to the new environment and learning how to contribute to the mission. This national laboratory above our planet is alive with science, discovery, and purpose, and I’m excited to share it with you over the next eight months.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1912654350557876572
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Pierwsze strzyżenie na orbicie.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 12:51 AM · Apr 18, 2025
M+5: First hair cut in space, @Astro_Ayers is a pro! Thank you! ISS is where we work, but it’s also where we eat, sleep, recover and work out. And one of the things we routinely do is cut our hair, which can present unique challenges in space. If the hair if not collected it will float and clog up our air filters so we connect a vacuum hose to clippers to collect the hair as it’s cut.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1913002351943639341
2)
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 1:43 AM · Apr 18, 2025
M+7: Observations from space.
2a) O śluzie JEM airlock
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:23 PM · Apr 18, 2025
M+8: The ISS has multiple airlocks, some are designed for astronauts and equipment, and others like this one, the JEM airlock from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, are designed not for humans but for small payloads. This particular airlock is positioned next to a Japanese platform for payloads that sits outside the ISS. We can use this airlock to take stuff inside to space, or from space to inside.
@Astro_Onishi and I worked together to assemble the sliding table so that we can deliver science payloads to the outside of the @Space_Station. Then we double checked the airlock interior to ensure we didn’t leave any tools or equipment inside which could get unintentionally lost in space.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1913297421980811493
3) Pomaganie w zakładaniu plecaków SAFER.
Jest to plecak odrzutowy z 24 maleńkimi silnikami napędzanymi sprężonym azotem, który pozwala na poruszanie się z pewną swobodą.
Jego zastosowanie możliwe jest tylko w sytuacjach awaryjnych, gdy spacerowicz oddali się od ISS za bardzo i straci z nią więź.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:03 PM · Apr 19, 2025
My crewmates @AstroAnnimal and @Astro_Ayers are set to head out on a spacewalk in early May to upgrade one of our solar arrays. There’s a ton of prep involved before they go out the hatch.
@Astro_Onishi and I will be their suit IVs — basically, we help them get in and out of their suits, walk them through prebreathe protocols (so they don’t get decompression sickness sometimes called the ‘bends’), and handle all sorts of other behind-the-scenes stuff.
One of the cooler things we get to do is help them don their SAFERs — the closest thing to a jetpack that an astronaut can wear. It’s hard to describe, but it’s kind of like a backpack with 24 tiny thrusters powered by compressed nitrogen that let you move in some degrees of freedom. It’s only used in emergencies, if someone ever gets untethered and drifts away from the station.
We’ve practiced with SAFERs on Earth, but this is my first time handling one in space. Tak and I have been rehearsing how to get them on and off the same suits Anne and Vapor will be using. It’s great to see all this training come to life up here.
3a) (232, 233) Zakładanie skafandrów EVA w celu przeprowadzenia ostatecznych kontroli, mających na celu sprawdzenie ich prawidłowego dopasowania i funkcjonalności.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:30 PM · Apr 20, 2025
M+10: In prep for the upcoming spacewalk, @Astro_Onishi and I helped @AstroAnnimal and @Astro_Ayers suit up in their real suits today for final checks to ensure proper fit and function. Anne made a great time lapse of the process. We also held our Change of Command ceremony aboard the ISS: a proud tradition marking the formal handover of authority and leadership. Expedition 72 Commander Alexei Ovchinin passed the ISS keys to Expedition 73 Commander Takuya Onishi. Excited for the science and spacewalks ahead, but sad to say goodbye to friends from Soyuz MS-26. Wishing @astro_Pettit a happy birthday and a joyful reunion with his family back on Earth.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1913978644554252431
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Zdjęcia zrobione z okna włazu nadirowego Node2 (od strony Ziemi) Sojuza MS-26 odłączanego od ISS.
Oficjalny początek Ekspedycji 73.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 4:41 PM · Apr 21, 2025
M+11: Photos taken from Node2 nadir hatch window (Earth facing) of the MS-26 Soyuz undocking from the @Space_Station on its way to Earth. The undocking officially begins our Expedition 73 mission. Glad to see @astro_Pettit and his crewmates back on Earth. Happy Birthday Don and happy Easter.
I’m still getting the hang of this photography thing, photos are a bit overexposed. Nikon Z9, Nikkor Z 50mm, ISO 1250, f1.2, 1/32000s
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1914328607628906846
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Przybycie Cargo Dragon CRS-32.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:54 PM · Apr 25, 2025
M+14: Our first resupply mission for Expedition 73. Tak and I were the visiting vehicle officers for @NASA’s CRS-32 mission, meaning we monitored the rendezvous, approach and docking from the Cupola as the @SpaceX Cargo Dragon autonomously docked to the International @Space_Station carrying science, equipment, and resources like food.
We can’t do our job as astronauts without regular resupply missions like this, and the success of CRS-32 is a testament to NASA’s partnership and collaboration with the commercial industry.
While our job was not to take pictures, during the approach we had a short window of opportunity to snap some photos of Dragon as it maneuvered in a semicircular fashion from underneath (nadir) the ISS to in front of us where it gets obscured by the Japanese Experimental Module and finally maneuvers above us as it docks to the zenith port of the Node 2 module.
Unfortunately I caught some light artifacts around Dragon, which I think could be minimized if I had grabbed a camera shroud. Welcome to any suggestions from experts.
Nikon Z9, VR 50-500mm, ISO 800, f6, 1/1000s
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1915826879799427469
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Operacje rozładowania ładunku i jego rozmieszczenie wewnątrz stacji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:24 PM · Apr 28, 2025
M+14: So what happens after a cargo resupply vehicle docks to the @Space_Station?
Same thing when a supply ship reaches its destination on Earth.
The cargo needs to be unloaded and stowed away. We call this “Cargo Ops” and if able, it’s an all-hands on deck operation to get as much precious cargo containing food, science experiments, equipment, etc. to its final destination.
Our Lab module gets very busy since it’s the central highway connecting all of our USOS modules, but in microgravity we can use the ceilings or walls to get by so it’s not too bad squeezing past people with cargo bags.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1916891167926485105
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Opis wybranego menu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:36 AM · Apr 30, 2025
M+16: If you’ve lived on MREs, you’ve probably tried some creative field recipes.
Here is a twist on the ranger burger, one of my favorites: beef steak, wheat snack bread, cheese spread as both topping and glue, potatoes au gratin layered in the middle, and a generous slather of gochujang red pepper paste from a care package on the SpX-32 Cargo Dragon.
I miss cooking for my family, but this hits the spot in its own way.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1917437837395272115
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Przygotowania do EVA związanego z instalacją zmodernizowanych paneli słonecznych.
Inwentaryzacja sprzętu i zapoznanie się z obowiązkami.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:50 PM · Apr 30, 2025
M+22: Tomorrow, @AstroAnnimal and @Astro_Ayers will be performing a spacewalk on the outside of the @Space_Station to set up a solar array upgrade and move an antenna in preparation for Japan’s future HTV-X spacecraft.
Today is a more relaxed day, giving us time to inventory all of our equipment and study our roles. Tak and I will be the suit IVs, meaning it is our responsibility to ensure that Anne and Vapor are properly suited up and pass all safety checks.
Their lives are in our hands, so we’ll be triple checking each other and methodically going through our procedures and checklists.
Once we button them up, it’s up to Anne, Vapor and the Houston ground team to execute the mission. Tak and I will be ready to receive them in the airlock when they are complete.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1917683065381609943
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Kim i Ayers byli odpowiedzialni za dopilnowanie, aby spacerowicze przestrzegali protokołów dotyczących wstępnego oddychania (pre-breathe) , aby zminimalizować ryzyko choroby dekompresyjnej, a ich skafandry były idealnie założone.
W tym celu dokonano czterokrotnego sprawdzenia każdej kamery i zamka, aby zagwarantować sprawne wykonaniu spaceru (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=6163.msg198560#msg198560).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:14 PM · May 2, 2025
M+23: Amazing EVA yesterday! Huge congratulations to the EVA and flight control teams, @AstroAnnimal, @Astro_Ayers, our instructors, and Tak, who led the IV support with exceptional skill.
Tak and I were responsible for ensuring Anne and Vapor adhered to pre-breathe protocols to minimize decompression sickness risks and that their suits were perfectly donned. We must have quadruple-checked every cam and lock to guarantee our friends faced no suit issues during their EVA.
EVA day powerfully illustrates the trust we place in each other’s hands—our lives depend on it. A special thanks to Tak and Anne for teaching this rookie some invaluable IV tricks.
My favorite? Tak’s clever technique for helping Vapor out of her suit. On Earth, gravity does the work, but up here on the @Space_Station, we need some new tricks.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1918338369991430417
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Astronauci z powrotem w śluzie powietrznej po wykonaniu spaceru.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:41 AM · May 3, 2025
M+23: An EVA (spacewalk) is a long day for all involved—flight control and EVA teams, spacewalkers, and IV teams.
NASA TV captures the 6.5–7-hour EVA, but not the extensive same-day preparations or the hours of post-mission cleanup.
This is a time-lapse of @Astro_Onishi and me welcoming spacewalkers @AstroAnnimal and @Astro_Ayers back to the airlock after their successful mission.
We assist them in removing their spacesuits and organize the airlock. In the coming days, Anne and Vapor will undertake critical tasks to prepare their suits and the airlock for future spacewalks, ensuring readiness for upcoming missions.
Similarly, ground teams will conduct post-mission analysis and debriefings, sharing lessons learned to enhance future operations.
Porównanie rozmiaru paneli słonecznych z astronautami w skafandrach.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:48 PM · May 5, 2025
M+23: Last Thursday, a portion of @AstroAnnimal and @Astro_Ayers's spacewalk targeted the port solar arrays, which the windows of the Japanese Experiment Module had a great view of.
During orbital night, the International @Space_Station is enveloped in complete darkness—Vapor’s helmet lights were the only reason I could spot her.
Though she might appear alone in the abyss of space, Vapor is supported by her partner, Anne, while ground control teams provide guidance each step of the way.
Daytime photos reveal the immense scale of the arrays compared to the astronauts. It was awesome to see them thrive in their element.
Nikon Z9, ISO 6400, f6.3, 1/50s (for the night shots)
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1919434126068756831
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Typowy dzień na ISS może być bardzo różnorodny.
Np. przenoszenia zbiorników z wodą, fotografowanie kolegów przeprowadzających eksperymenty, badania ultrasonograficzne naczyń krwionośnych.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:50 PM · May 7, 2025
M+20: Life is busy up here aboard the @Space_Station.
A typical day might involve anything from transferring water tanks, photographing colleagues conducting experiments or assembling glove boxes so we can perform scientific research.
We also ultrasound ourselves frequently for various research studies or in this case, to examine the vessels behind the knee (specifically the popliteal vein) to determine if there are any issues with blood flow that could cause problems down the line.
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Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:50 PM · May 7, 2025
M+20 (continued)
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1920189398047490118
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O badaniach ultrasonograficznych.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:35 PM · May 12, 2025
M+28: One of our frequent activities aboard the @Space_Station is performing ultrasounds. Ultrasound is a highly effective diagnostic tool—real-time, user-friendly, radiation-free, and capable of providing valuable data for health and research purposes.
Best of all, it doesn’t require sticky ultrasound gel. In space, water’s surface tension dominates, causing it to “stick” to any surface it touches. Since water is an excellent medium for ultrasound, this makes conducting scans much easier in space than Earth.
Here, @Astro_Onishi assists me, guided remotely by Houston watching via video downlink, in capturing ultrasound images of my eye. Monitoring eye health is critical, as spaceflight can sometimes cause adaptive changes to the eye’s structure.
Another essential task is toilet maintenance, in this case a filter replacement. The toilet is a vital piece of equipment on the space station, so we take its maintenance very seriously.
2) Dyskusja w ramach Meltwater Summit.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:31 PM · May 13, 2025
M+29: Thanks to @NASA and the Meltwater Summit for an engaging conversation on one of my favorite topics: leadership and the role human connections play in it
https://youtu.be/asFIIR5kIAM?si=dlu4kmO9HNKu8CS7 .
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1922374173453668718
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O różnicach między stanem mikrograwitacji a ziemskim środowiskiem przy wykonywaniu nawet prostych zadań.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:56 PM · May 14, 2025
M+29: Many habits that work on Earth don’t work in microgravity. I’ve been surprised by how differently I must approach tasks, even simple ones such as transferring items between bags to carrying objects.
Here’s an example: on Earth, we walk with our legs and carry things with our hands. In microgravity, we ‘walk’ (we call it translate) with our hands, freeing up our legs.
So, it’s often more practical to carry items with our legs and move with our hands—the opposite of Earth. Just one of many differences in life aboard the @Space_Station
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1922697492841291804
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Eksperymenty z różnymi rodzaju nanomateriałami.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:07 PM · May 16, 2025
M+30: One of the experiments we’re conducting on the International @Space_Station is to see how different types of nanomaterials can be fabricated in microgravity to improve biomedical applications on Earth.
@Astro_Ayers and I worked together in the Life Sciences Glovebox, guided by the research team to conduct their experiment.
The experience brought back nostalgic memories of working on a summer bench research project at the Broad Institute during medical school under Drs. Matthew Meyerson and Ami Bhatt.
Science experiments are the lifeblood of our Space Station and we look forward to conducting more research on our Expedition.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1923394902785655027
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Eksperyment botaniczny Air Force Academy w celu zbadania czy zastąpienie dwutlenku węgla może zmniejszyć zależność rośliny od fotosyntezy i przyspieszyć wzrost roślin uprawianych w kosmosie.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:09 PM · May 19, 2025
M+33: The Air Force Academy (@Astro_Ayers's alma mater) is doing a neat botanical experiment to examine whether a carbon dioxide replacement can reduce a plant’s dependence on photosynthesis and increase growth in space-grown plants.
This can help reduce energy use on future missions and help us understand how plants adapt to life in microgravity. It’s been fun watching these little guys sprout!
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Załoga ISS rozbudowuje obecny sprzęt, demonstrując tworzenie złotych nanosfer w warunkach mikrograwitacji.
Są one większe i bardziej jednorodne niż ich ziemskie odpowiedniki i znajdują zastosowanie w diagnostyce i leczeniu raka oraz w ulepszonych lekach.
Astronauci w tym celu pobierają próbki z zamrażarki MELFI i umieszczają je w przemysłowych kasetach krystalizacyjnych, a następnie są dostarczane na Ziemię w celu przeprowadzenia dalszych analiz.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:48 PM · May 21, 2025
M+38: One of the experiments we’re conducting on the @Space_Station is to expand on current hardware, demonstrating the creation of golden nanospheres under microgravity conditions, which are larger and more uniform than their Earth-bound versions, and have applications in cancer diagnostics and treatment and improved pharmaceuticals.
We obtain our samples from the MELFI freezer and grow them into our Industrial Crystallization Cassettes, and will package them for return on Spx-32 for additional analysis.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1925292607858778462
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(ciąg dalszy): Temperatura w zamrażarce utrzymuje się na poziomie -98 °C.
Otwarcie MELFI to jak podmuch arktycznego powietrza prosto w twarz. Temperatura w zamrażarce utrzymuje się na poziomie -98 stopni Celsjusza!
Na filmie widać skrupulatne kontrole i ponowne kontrole próbek oraz procedur.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:56 PM · May 21, 2025
M+38 (continued): Opening up MELFI is like getting a blast of arctic air in your face. The freezer is kept to -98 deg C!
In the video you’ll see meticulous checks and rechecks of our samples and the procedures.
It seems slow, but being meticulous to conduct experiments without mistakes is crucial to ensure we are doing our best job to enable the science results that so many research teams on the ground have worked years to plan for.
It’s a huge honor for us on the ISS to conduct their experiments and we couldn’t do our jobs without amazing ground support.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1925294627701104910
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Procedury załadunkowe.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:15 PM · May 22, 2025
M+40: So what is it like to load a space cargo vehicle? It’s not too different from what you would do to pack for a move or ship a lot of cargo. It reminds me of building pallets before deployments.
First, we work off a synchronized checklist that our amazing @NAS inventory stowage teams develop, find the items in the @Space_Station that are called out, double check that the serial numbers and barcodes match, pack the items and if necessary cushion them with bubble wrap and foam, and load them into the cargo space vehicle.
The cargo vehicle’s center of gravity and mass calculations for re-entry depend on everything being packed in the correct order and orientation, so attention to detail matters.
Finally, the straps have to be tightened and finished off with half hitches.
Some of the precious cargo returning to Earth on Spx-32 are our science experiments, where ground teams eagerly await to get the experiments to the correct labs for additional research and analysis.
It’s a lot of work but also fun, and we have a great team on-board and on the ground.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1925586396607066343
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Eksperymentów, który ma sprawdzić, jak ogień zachowuje się w warunkach obniżonej grawitacji.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:34 PM · May 23, 2025
M+35: Did you know the @Space_Station has multiple combustion chambers? One of the experiments we’re conducting is to see how fire behaves differently in reduced gravity conditions.
Fire is a serious hazard in spaceflight, especially when operating in elevated oxygen concentrations.
This combustion chamber is called SoFIE (solid fuel ignition and extinction), and it helps us evaluate and test the combustion properties of various materials in microgravity so we can better understand these material properties and know what to use (and not use) for future deep space exploration missions.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1925983587398017532
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Jeden z eksperymentów dotyczy SANS (Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome).
To unikatowe schorzenie obserwowane wyłącznie u astronautów narażonych na długotrwałe działanie mikrograwitacji. Nie ma odpowiednika na Ziemi (ale dla lekarzy jego objawy są podobne do idiopatycznego nadciśnienia śródczaszkowego).
Schorzenie to może wpływać na wzrok i strukturę oka.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:00 PM · May 28, 2025
M+43: Have you heard of Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS)? It’s a unique condition only observed in astronauts exposed to long durations of microgravity, there is no terrestrial equivalent (but for the docs out there, its features are similar to idiopathic intracranial hypertension).
The condition can affect vision and eye structure, and it’s important we understand the condition before deep exploration missions.
One theory is that the fluid shifts that occur in the body due to microgravity are the cause, as fluids shift toward the head potentially increasing the pressure against our eyes and the precious nerves and tissue that support them.
One of the interesting experiments we are conducting is to see whether wearing tight thigh cuffs, thereby reducing the volume of blood returning to the heart, can decrease fluid shifts and pressure to the head. We work with a team at
@NASA to compare different metrics across ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (think of a CT scan for the eye but without radiation) and tonometry (poking the eye to get eye pressures) to see what changes if any occur with and without a thigh cuff.
My partner, @AstroAnnimal, a great ultrasound and OCT operator, spent the better part of a day poking my eye, helping me probe my blood vessels, and scan my eyeballs. It’s a long day, but as our commander, @Astro_Onishi, says, “It’s for science.”
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1927817302206038408
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Przegląd procedur udzielania pierwszej pomocy oraz algorytmamów zaawansowanego wsparcia życiowego na wypadek, gdyby któryś z członków naszej załogi stracił przytomność i wymagał opieki.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:17 PM · May 29, 2025
M+44: Though we never expect to use it, it’s important that we review basic first responder and advanced life support algorithms in the case that one of our crew mates is unresponsive and needs care.
With ground assistance, we went over basic algorithms, reviewed the emergency medical equipment on board the
@Space_Station, and re-adapted our strategy to perform chest compressions in microgravity.
If you’ve ever given CPR before, you know it requires a lot of energy and can be quite fatiguing, so positioning yourself to use major muscle groups is important but tricky in microgravity. The upside down technique is a popular position for chest compressions.
2) Umiejętność wykonywanie różnych operacji technicznych na orbicie ma duże praktyczne znaczenie.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:31 PM · May 30, 2025
M+45: Embracing a DIY mentality is helpful for learning new skills. As astronauts, we’re often called to perform various tasks and maintaining a student-like attitude helps us learn new skills.
My experience setting up home networking unexpectedly proved invaluable years later in space. While tasks like repairing an ethernet cable—cutting the CAT cable, stripping the jacket, and crimping a new connector—are similar on Earth and in space, microgravity introduces unique challenges.
On Earth, fine metallic threads from the cable’s jacket fall harmlessly, but in space, they float as hazardous debris, risking our breathing and eyes. To mitigate this, we use tape or a nearby vacuum cleaner to capture these harmful particles.
And for every one of these tasks, we have NASA ground teams that spend a lot of time perfecting each detailed step of a procedure, and standing by to assist and guide us in real time. We could not do this job without Mission Control Houston support.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1928489563581985232
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Nieoczekiwane zadanie konserwacyjne polegające na naprawie kluczowego elementu TAS (Thermal Amine Scrubber)
Usuwa CO2 z otoczenia i wydala go za burtę w przestrzeń kosmiczną.
TAS działa poprzez przyleganie do cząsteczek CO2, gdy powietrze przepływa nad złożami amin. Złoża te są następnie podgrzewane, aby uwolnić wychwycony CO2, który ostatecznie jest uwalniany za burtę.
TAS działa poprzez wiązanie cząsteczek CO2, gdy powietrze przepływa przez złoża aminowe.
Złoża te są następnie podgrzewane w celu uwolnienia wychwyconego CO2, który ostatecznie jest wyrzucany na zewnątrz.
TAS jest częścią zestawu systemów kontroli środowiska i podtrzymywania życia nowej generacji ECLSS (environmental control and life support systems)
W ramach tego zadania astronauta wyjął TAS z modułu laboratoryjnego, a następnie z pomocą Nichole Ayers i Takuya Onishi wykonał główne zadanie polegające na wymianie kluczowego elementu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:38 PM · Jun 3, 2025
M+51: Teamwork makes the dream work. Oftentimes, a single task will be broken up into stages that are each completed by a different crew member, or sometimes as pairs.
This week we had an unexpected maintenance task of repairing a critical component of the Thermal Amine Scrubber (TAS) in the @Space_Station.
What does the TAS do? It removes CO2 from our environment and expels it overboard into space. Oxygen is a critical element for human survival in space, but just as important is to keep carbon dioxide levels low, which is a byproduct of our metabolism. CO2 in high levels is poisonous.
TAS works by adhering to CO2 molecules as air passes over their amine beds. These beds are then heated to release the captured CO2 where it is eventually released overboard.
TAS is part of @NASA’s next generation suite of environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS), which can help future missions to the Moon and Mars.
For this task, I helped remove TAS from its home in the Laboratory module, then @Astro_Ayers with @Astro_Onishi
's assistance did the main task of replacing the critical component. In the background of all this, we have Mission Control Houston watching through live feeds and giving us guidance and procedures.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1929925621410414954
(2) Rozmowa o misji z Leilą z porannego wydania NPR.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:46 PM · Jun 4, 2025
M+55: Greatly enjoyed talking about our mission, our purpose, daily lives and the human connections aboard the International @Space_Station with Leila of @NPR's Morning Edition.
https://www.npr.org/2025/06/04/nx-s1-5366013/navy-seal-turned-doctor-turned-astronaut-says-he-had-a-clear-motivator-serve-others
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1930350345340809424
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Wyczyszczenie filtrów powietrza, sprawdzenie uszczelek oraz wymiana chipsetów w serwerach na ISS przy wsparciu Centrum Kontroli Lotu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:46 PM · Jun 12, 2025
M+62: We don’t work behind payload racks often, but sometimes maintenance calls for it.
In this case, cleaning out air filters and inspecting seals, and replacing chipsets in our servers, all with the assistance of Mission Control following along with live video.
One thing I’ve come to appreciate with maintenance in space is how much gravity helps keep things where they belong. For example, on the ground, I can simply set my pliers down and I know they won’t disappear. But in space, we have to think before every action, because setting pliers down is a recipe for losing them.
Space is one of the most humbling environments I’ve operated in.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1933219313390927943
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System izolacji drgań (vibration isolation system VIS) przeznaczony do urządzenia treningowego E4D.
Urządzenie E4D nie zostało jeszcze zainstalowane.
ESA E4D to kompaktowe urządzenie do ćwiczeń, które łączy w sobie ćwiczenia oporowe i aerobowe, umożliwiając wykonywanie złożonych ruchów z obciążeniem (np. przysiady), jazdę na rowerze, wiosłowanie i ciągnięcie liny.
Na razie astronauci przeprowadzili kwartalną konserwację VIS.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:39 PM · Jun 24, 2025
M+63: This is the vibration isolation system (VIS) for the E4D exercise device. E4D has not been installed yet, but we’re hoping to have it installed and in use later this year.
#ESAE4D is a compact exercise device that combines resistive and aerobic countermeasures in one package, with the ability to perform compound movements against load (e.g., squats), bike, row and rope pull.
It solves the problem of how to provide countermeasures for astronauts in a small footprint so that atrophy and bone loss does not set in, which will be important for deep space exploration missions.
I was able to exercise on the device at the European Space Center prior to launch and it definitely puts you through its paces. @Astro_Onishi and I performed quarterly maintenance on the VIS and we’re excited to see E4D in action later this year.
2) Eksperyment „Ring Sheared Drop-IBP-2” ma na celu zbadanie zachowania płynów białkowych o wysokim stężeniu w warunkach mikrograwitacji, aby przetestować i zweryfikować modele komputerowe przewidujące to zachowanie.
W tym konkretnym eksperymencie astronauci badają, jak płyną roztwory białkowe, co jest ważne w wielu procesach.
Zebrane dane mogą pomóc w udoskonaleniu modeli prognostycznych dotyczących agregacji białek, co z kolei może przyczynić się do usprawnienia produkcji farmaceutycznej i opracowywania nowych metod leczenia chorób.
W 2017 badania przeprowadzone na ISS przyczyniły się do ulepszenia metod produkcji i podawania leku przeciwnowotworowego Keytruda.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:03 PM · Jun 27, 2025
M+66: One of the experiments we’re currently conducting is called Ring Sheared Drop-IBP-2, and it investigates the behavior of high-concentration protein fluids in microgravity in order to test and validate computer models predicting said behavior.
In this specific experiment, we’re studying how protein solutions flow, which is important in many processes. Data we capture may help improve predictive models we have for protein aggregation which in turn can help improve pharmaceutical manufacturing and development of new treatments for diseases.
This isn’t the first time microgravity has contributed to improved pharmaceuticals. Back in 2017, research on the
@Space_Station contributed to better manufacturing and delivery methods for the cancer drug, Keytruda. Just another way microgravity research on the space station helps brings benefits back to people on Earth.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1938614123886964819
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Załoga w powiększonym czasowo składzie (AX-4).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:58 PM · Jul 7, 2025
M+81: It’s not every day we get to work with legendary astronauts. Peggy was in the @NASA astronaut corps when I first joined in 2017, but she retired shortly afterward, so I never had the opportunity to work with her.
Thanks to the #Ax4 mission, I’ve had the pleasure of working with @AstroPeggy and her crewmates – Shux, Suave, and Tibor – representing India, Poland, and Hungary, respectively.
2) System odzyskiwania wody mimo zdalnego sterowania i obsługi przez Houston, to czasami konieczna jest fizyczna konserwacja sprzętu przez załogę.
W ramach tego zadania astronauta wymienił zbiornik recyklingowy, który jest ważnym elementem systemu odzyskiwania wody.
System ten odzyskuje i oczyszcza wodę z moczu, kondensatu (wilgoci z potu, oddechu itp.) oraz ścieków, przekształcając ją w wodę pitną.
W skrócie, mocz astronautów jest mieszany z substancjami chemicznymi, a następnie przechowywany w zbiorniku recyklingowym jako rezerwuar przed dalszym przetwarzaniem.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:42 PM · Jul 9, 2025
M+91: One of the most important loops in our life support system onboard the @Space_Station is the water reclamation system, which is part of the environmental control system.
Though Houston works hard to remotely control and run the system, sometimes an astronaut is required to physically maintain the equipment.
This task had me replace the recycle tank, which is an important component of the water reclamation system, which recovers and purifies water from the main sources: urine, condensate (humidity from sweat, breathing, etc.) and wastewater into potable water.
At a high level, urine from astronauts is mixed with chemicals which are then stored in this recycle tank as a holding reservoir before additional processing.
As the saying goes, yesterday’s coffee is today’s coffee.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1943048124760756371
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Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:40 PM · Aug 13, 2025
M+116: Crew-11 arrived a little over a week ago. And one of the best parts of welcoming new friends to the @Space_Station is seeing the pure joy on their faces (and ours!) when you meet for the first time in space. @zenanaut, @AstroIronMike, @Astro_Kimiya, and Oleg - excited to finish our Expedition 73 mission together.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1955701039048413686
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Zmiana dowództwa ISS (https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=2501.msg203210#msg203210).
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 6:31 PM · Aug 15, 2025
M+119: For over two decades, the International @Space_Station has marked each change of command with a symbolic “handing over of the keys.”
A little over a week ago, @Astro_Onishi, the first commander of Expedition 73, passed the responsibility of command to Sergei Ryzhikov. While the crew for the second half of E73 will look a little different, our mission remains the same.
Thank you, Tak, for your humble and steady leadership. You’ve set a great example—one we’ll carry forward.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1956393314862723456
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NASA zazwyczaj przewiduje 2–3 dni przeznaczone wyłącznie na przekazanie obowiązków między odlatującą a przybywającą załogą.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:52 PM · Aug 18, 2025
M+120: @NASA typically schedules 2-3 days of dedicated handover between outgoing and incoming crews. This time allows the departing astronauts (Crew-10) to pass along fresh lessons and insights from life aboard the @Space_Station, ensuring a smooth transition. It also comes with a welcome bonus! Extra time to share meals, stories, and moments with friends before parting ways.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1957530972758634646
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W ramach wykonywania prac konserwacyjnych załoga w Destiny uzupełniała płyn chłodzący w wewnętrznym systemie kontroli termicznej.
System ten odprowadza ciepło wytwarzane wewnątrz modułu i przekazuje je do zewnętrznych wymienników ciepła.
Pod kierunkiem zespołów naziemnych ostrożnie załoga wpompowała nowy płyn do systemu.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:33 PM · Aug 26, 2025
To keep the @Space_Station running smoothly, astronauts are sometimes called on to tackle maintenance tasks. On this day, our focus was the US Lab module, which needed a coolant refill for its internal thermal control system.
This system carries away heat produced inside the module and transfers it to external heat exchangers. With guidance from our ground teams, we carefully pumped new fluid into the system. Another reminder of how teamwork keeps this orbiting laboratory alive and well.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1960425324589801656
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Podczas przylotu Cargo Dragon CRS-33 załoganci monitorowali podejście statku transportowego
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:46 PM · Sep 2, 2025
M+139: Last week, SpaceX Cargo Dragon CRS-33 docked to the International @Space_Station, carrying precious supplies, equipment, and science. @AstroIronMike and I monitored the approach and snagged these photos. First photo is a long exposure of Dragon’s approach. Nikon Z9 | 15/24/50/500mm
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:56 AM · Sep 16, 2025
M+139: Time lapse of SpaceX CRS-33 Dragon docking to the Node2 Forward Port last week, taken from the window of Crew-11’s Dragon. Nikon Z9 | 15mm | ISO 1000, f/1.8, 1/500s.
https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1967769417334632709
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Zazwyczaj wykonanie wszystkich operacji związanych z dostarczonym ładunkiem zajmuje około tygodnia.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:00 PM · Sep 16, 2025
M+140: The docking of a cargo vehicle brings fresh food, essential equipment, and exciting new science projects. It usually takes about a week to work through all the cargo operations, but the process is always rewarding. We stay busy relocating supplies to their new homes and preparing for upcoming research.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1968027161417109993
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Zdjęcia załogi Ekspedycji 73b z Crew-11 i MS-27.
Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:26 AM · Nov 18, 2025
M+173: Crew photos of Expedition 73b with Crew-11 and MS-27.
https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1990607537159188918