Stacja orbitalna Skylab 1973-1979

[Adam.Przybyla]

.. zwracam Wam uwage, ze do tej pory ten fakt wisi na polskiej wikipedii.

No to jest, delikatnie mówiąc, takie sobie źródło. Lepsze jest tutaj.

            ... to jest duze zrodlo, tu jednak nalezy znalezc wlasciwy fragment. Poszukam, zwlaszcza jesli checmy
tego zrodla uzyc do poprawienia wikipedii. Zwracam tez uwage, ze to sa oficjalne dokumenty NASA, trudno oczekiwac aby
znalazlo sie tam cos co jest dla niej niewygodne. Zrodla o upadku Thora na Kube tez sa raczej obce. Z powazaniem
                                                                                                                                               Adam Przybyla

[Orionid]

50 lat temu, 25.05.1973 o 13:00:00,53 z wyrzutni LC-39B na Cape Canaveral  została wystrzelona RN Saturn IB, która wyniosła pierwszą amerykańską załogę do stacji kosmicznej Skylab (misja Skylab 2).
Stacja osiągnąła orbitę o parametrach: hp=425 km, ha=270 km, i=50,00.°, t=93,20 min.

1973 May 25 - . 13:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39B. Launch Platform: LUT1. LV Family: Saturn I. Launch Vehicle: Saturn IB.

Skylab 2 - . Call Sign: Skylab. Crew: Conrad, Kerwin, Weitz. Backup Crew: McCandless, Musgrave, Schweickart. Payload: Apollo CSM 116. Mass: 19,979 kg (44,046 lb). Nation: USA. Related Persons: Conrad, Kerwin, McCandless, Musgrave, Schweickart, Weitz. Agency: NASA Houston. Program: Skylab. Class: Moon. Type: Manned lunar spacecraft. Flight: Skylab 2. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Duration: 28.03 days. Decay Date: 1973-06-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6655 . COSPAR: 1973-032A. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi). Perigee: 425 km (264 mi). Inclination: 50.00 deg. Period: 93.20 min.

http://www.astronautix.com/m/may25.html
http://www.astronautix.com/s/skylab2.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_2
https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1661617341422243840
https://twitter.com/aisoffice/status/1661642953826213888
https://twitter.com/SF_Skylab/status/1661356621153329153
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1661776952296976398

25 May 1973. 13.00.00 UTC/GMT. Launch of Skylab 2 from Kennedy LC-39B. First manned mission to Skylab, the first U.S. orbital space station. The flight established a twenty-eight-day manned spaceflight duration record.

https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1794106161072910373

2) 2023 cze 04 14:00 Kosmonauta.net
Stacja Skylab - 1973
W tym roku mija 50 lat od umieszczenia na orbicie pierwszej amerykańskiej stacji orbitalnej - Skylab. Polecamywątek dotyczący tej stacji na Polskim Forum Astronautycznym.


3)

NASA History Office @NASAhistory 4:30 PM · May 25, 2024
The first Skylab crew, Pete Conrad, Paul Weitz, and Joe Kerwin, launched to the damaged Skylab space station #OTD in 1973. Their first priority: fix the rapidly overheating station and save the Skylab program!
Read: https://go.nasa.gov/4dOrjaL

https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1794375372328361997

NASA History Office @NASAhistory 4:00 PM · May 25, 2025
Skylab 2 crew to the rescue!
(Say that 5 times fast)
#OTD in 1973, Skylab 2 was launched into orbit for a record-setting mission on America's first space station. But first, they needed to make critical repairs to the orbiting workshop.
About the first repair spacewalk: https://go.nasa.gov/4kmVDM4

https://x.com/NASAhistory/status/1926639401091653935

[Orionid]

5 lat po starcie National Air and Space Museum opublikowało pamiątkową kopertę
https://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2012/03/serie-denveloppes-milestones-of-flight.html
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1661752201331748864
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1661809370760445959
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1662103801300385793
https://twitter.com/aisoffice/status/1662165435955937305

Il y a 50 ans, Apollo partait sauver Skylab
Philippe Varnoteaux publié le 27 mai 2023 à 09:00

Le 25 mai 1973, un lanceur Saturn 1B envoyait dans l’espace la mission Skylab 2, dont le premier objectif était de rendre la station orbitale Skylab habitable.
https://air-cosmos.com/article/il-y-a-50-ans-apollo-partait-sauver-skylab-65083

https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1663944334306050053
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1664278132038467585

[Orionid]

51 lat temu, 07.07.1973

2. spacer (w tym SEVA) załogi Skylab 2 z udziałem Charlesa Conradea i Joe Kerwina.
Pozostaną w kosmosie przez 3 godziny i 25 minut, aby „uratować Skylab”.
Wspaniały rysunek Roberta McCalla, który oddaje całą intensywność tej EVA.

https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1666326873717248000

50 years ago: the first ever repair spacewalk! 🔧
When Skylab was launched on May 14, 1973, one of the solar arrays on its Orbital Workshop was ripped off and the other was jammed closed with debris. The space station was losing power.

#OTD in 1973, astronauts Pete Conrad and Joe Kerwin were finally able to free the jammed solar array during a challenging 3 hour and 25 minute spacewalk.
Skylab's power source was restored and the crew could get back to doing science!
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/skylab-2-first-repair-spacewalk/

https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1666452463157669888

2) https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-skylab-2-astronauts-deploy-jammed-solar-array-during-spacewalk

3)
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1667192341893902340
---
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/skylab-2-mission-accomplished

[Adam.Przybyla]

"• In July of 1979, “Skylab came down in a blazing shower over a desert in Western Australia. It lit up the night sky like fire-works on July 4. Once again our planet was lucky: No one was hurt. Once again that was only because hardly anyone lived where Skylab crashed. But 500 pieces broke open the ground. Two of them weighed more than 4000 pounds each. Ten of them weighed more than 1000 pounds each. It was like a fleet of trucks pouring out of the clouds. 250 pieces weighed more than ten pounds each. Skylab’s plunge was a worldwide sensation…the most famous piece of space junk. It is also the biggest to drop from the sky” (Donnelly, 72). "

Z powazaniem
                      Adam Przybyla

Zrodla:
https://brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7662.html
https://www.history.com/news/the-day-skylab-crashed-to-earth-facts-about-the-first-u-s-space-stations-re-entry
https://spectrum.ieee.org/skylab

[Orionid]

50 lat temu, 15.06.1973, załoga Skylab 2 dokonała pierwszych obserwacji rozbłysku słonecznego.
W sumie podczas tej misji wykonano 81% planowanych obserwacji Słońca z wykorzystaniem montażu ATM (Apollo Telescope Mount).

"Houston, Skylab. I'd like you to be the first to know that the pilot is the proud father of a genuine flare." 🌟
Skylab's Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) had 8 telescopes for observing the Sun at different wavelengths. #Skylab50 1/3

With the ATM, the Skylab astronauts became the first people in history who could watch features of the invisible ultraviolet and X-ray Sun and see changes as they were occurring.
Still, capturing a solar flare with the ATM proved to be challenging. 2/3

#OTD in 1973, the Skylab 2 crew made their first observations of a solar flare, recording the long-awaited event with unprecedented detail! #Skylab50
Want to learn more about Skylab's solar observations? We have a book on that!  3/3

https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm

Kod: [Zaznacz]

https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1669351585372332035

[Orionid]

Porównanie m.in. Skylaba z innymi stacjami orbitalnymi.

Kod: [Zaznacz]

https://twitter.com/SpaceNosey/status/1667899973868896257

[Adam.Przybyla]

Porównanie m.in. Skylaba z innymi stacjami orbitalnymi.

Kod: [Zaznacz]

https://twitter.com/SpaceNosey/status/1667899973868896257

             ... jakie to dolujace, wynikaloby z tego, ze jedyne co naprawde reprezentuje "zgnily zachod" to stacja, ktora
w ogole nie byla dalej rozwijana, a rozwijane do dzis sa linie stacji rosyjskie i chinskie.

Jest to o jeszcze bardziej dolujace, ze  ktos zrobil konkurs najwiekszego cienia, jaki robi stacja, totalnei nie oddajac innych parametrow danych stacji (pomijam, ze do skylba jest dodany statek serwisowy a do niektorych innych stacji juz nie zawsze).

A szczytem tego, jak bardzo jest to dolujace, jest to, ze byly konstrukcje, ktore wplynely na jak wyglada stacja ISS, czyli europejskie
moduly stacji Spacelab, wywozone przez shutte. Bez ich nie byloby niektorych modulow ISS i one caly czas sa rozwijane, ale
... podobnie jak przyszla stacja GATEWAY, bylyby ... za male i na tym rysunku nie robilyby by odpowieniego cienia/wrazenia
... I tak dobrze, ze w tym zestawienu nie bylo dziwnych stacji z filmow SF co jakos nagminnie sie zdarza.
Z powazaniem
                                                                                   Adam Przybyla

[Aga Bej]

Raczej należy zapytać, co w tym zestawieniu robi parka Sojuz 4/5, które to nie miały nawet wspólnej śluzy? No chyba, że uznamy spacer kosmiczny, za normalny sposób poruszania się po stacji kosmicznej 

[Orionid]

22.06.1973 o 13:49:49 UTC nastąpiło wodowanie na Oceanie Spokojnym załogi misji Skylab SL-2/AS-206.

Misja się powiodła, nie wymagając startu ratunkowego.
Został ustanowiony nowy rekord pobytu ludzi na orbicie.
Astronauci przygotowali stację dla załogi Skylab 3.
https://twitter.com/aisoffice/status/1671798765299159040
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1671897522325929984
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1671918474422108162
https://twitter.com/SF_Skylab/status/1671865876646096898
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1672016621651787777

SYND 22 6 73 SKYLAB SPLASHDOWN IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN


50 Years Ago: Skylab 2 Astronauts Splash Down After Record-Breaking 28-day Mission
Jun 22, 2023

On June 22, the astronauts prepared Skylab for its uncrewed phase, readying it for the Skylab 3 crew’s arrival in late July. They stowed film and biological samples aboard the CM, put on their spacesuits, and closed the hatches to the space station. After undocking, Conrad flew around the station to document its condition, including the newly-deployed solar array and the slightly askew but highly effective parasol sunshade. Firing the spacecraft’s large Service Propulsion System engine twice, they began their descent back to Earth. (...)

The day after splashdown, the astronauts felt well enough to walk the deck of the Ticonderoga as it steamed toward San Diego. The following morning, off the California coast, the ship’s helicopter flew the astronauts to El Toro Marine Corps Air Station, from where a car drove them to the western White House in San Clemente, where President Richard M. Nixon hosted a summit with Soviet President Leonid I. Brezhnev. (...)

By the end of the mission, Conrad, Kerwin, and Weitz accumulated 397 hours of research time, completing 81% of the planned ATM solar observations, including nearly 29,000 images, 88% of the planned EREP studies, including more than 5,200 photographs, and more than 90% of the medical experiments.

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-skylab-2-astronauts-splash-down-after-record-breaking-28-day-mission
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1804212258383315218

22 June 1973. 13.00.00 UTC/GMT. Skylab 2, the first manned mission to Skylab, the first U.S. orbital space station, returned to Earth after a 28 day mission. Splashdown was in the Pacific Ocean close to the recovery ship USS Ticonderoga.

WP (1) https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5004.msg184897#msg184897
WP (2) https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5004.msg184903#msg184903

[Orionid]

Historyczny obiekt zbudowany do treningów EVA dla astronautów Skylab.

Symulator neutralnej pływalności Huntsville/Marshall Space Flight Center został zbudowany dla Skylab w latach 70-tych i był później używany do szkolenia wielu astronautów w misjach, takich jak pierwsze misje naprawcze Kosmicznego Teleskopu Hubble'a.
NBS działało do 1998 roku.
Teraz Huntsville posiada Underwater Astronaut Trainer (UAT) w Space Camp, używany głównie dla swoich uczniów, ale także szkolił niektórych astronautów.

https://twitter.com/realhomerhickam/status/1669561009760026624
2)
https://twitter.com/aisoffice/status/1674331594977427456
3)
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1720957011427561530

After the competitive short-term goals of human spaceflight had been met in the 1960s, many advocates of space exploration envisioned a permanent human presence in space. Read about the first space stations in the blog: https://s.si.edu/45Bc94a

4)
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1779226696027078688

This may look like a simple travel Scrabble board, but it was created to travel a bit further than a typical family vacation. Its magnetic tiles and foldability made it ideal for space! This board was evaluated for use on Skylab but never flew in space. #NationalScrabbleDay

[Orionid]

19.09.1973 biuletyn Marshall Star poinformował o śmierci podczas misji Skylab 3 pająka Anity.

This edition of the Marshall Star from 1973, a newsletter of the George C. Marshall Space Center in Huntsville, Alabama, features an article titled “Anita, Job Done, Dies Aboard Skylab.”  The article goes on to explain that Anita is a spider.

Kod: [Zaznacz]

https://twitter.com/TodaysDocument/status/1704118139947000215https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/spider-anita-skylab-3/nasm_A19740484000
AA https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3712.msg133927#msg133927

https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1707481835901476922

Spiders Anita and Arabella were part of the Skylab 3 mission that ended 50 years ago this week. They both made the journey into orbit and proved that spiders could still spin webs 🕸 in microgravity.
📷: High school student Judith Miles discussing her proposed Skylab experiment.

----
Stacja orbitalna Skylab 1973-1979 https://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=5242.msg184347#msg184347

[Orionid]

08.11.1973 załoga misji Skylab 4 pozowała do zdjęć.
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1722267741242188206

50 years ago today, Edward Gibson, Gerald Carr, and William Pogue suited up for a portrait ahead of their launch to Skylab on Nov. 16, 1973.
They were the third and last crew to visit Skylab, America's first space station. #Skylab50 More: https://go.nasa.gov/40k9iL2

2) 11.1973 Bill Pogue przygotowywał się do misji Skylab 4.
Podczas swojego lotu kosmicznego miał flagę przedstawiającą 67 plemion indiańskich z Oklahomy jako symbol dumy ze swojego dziedzictwa Choctaw
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1723047876027183358

Bill Pogue, the pilot for Skylab 4, was preparing for the mission's launch 50 years ago today. On his space flight, he carried a flag representing 67 Native American tribes of Oklahoma as a symbol of pride in his Choctaw heritage. #NativeAmericanHeritageMonth

3) Załoga Skylab 4 prowadziła badania Słońca.
19.12.1973 załoga wykonała zdjęcie Słońca z potężną erupcją.
Uchwyt na teleskopie Apollo (ATM) stacji Skylab umożliwił astronautom dokonywanie obserwacji Słońca na bieżąco i rejestrowanie na filmie dynamicznych zdarzeń słonecznych.

The Skylab crews became so enthusiastic in their solar observations, they would spend their free time at the ATM console watching for solar events.
Keen to learn more? Read the book "A New Sun: The Solar Results from Skylab" at https://go.nasa.gov/3txETga

The astronauts knew which instruments on the ATM to use, what questions in solar science were important, what their observations meant, and they were in constant communication with scientists on Earth who helped guide their work.
📷 Ed Gibson at the ATM console

NASA had other Sun-observing satellites in orbit before Skylab, but Skylab's trained astronauts at the controls of the advanced instruments of the ATM, and their ability to bring high-resolution photos of what they saw back to Earth meant it was a game changer in solar science.

This photo of the Sun with a massive solar flare was taken #OTD 50 years ago by astronauts onboard the Skylab space station.
Skylab's Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) allowed the astronauts to make observations of the Sun as they happened and record dynamic solar events on film.

https://x.com/NASAhistory/status/1737178512216260844


2)
Eksperymenty medyczne na stacji kosmicznej Skylab

Let's see how nauseous you get 😵
The Human Vestibular Function experiment used a spinning chair to test Skylab astronauts' susceptibility to motion sickness, before, during, and after their time in space. #50YearsAgo
More on Skylab medical experiments: https://go.nasa.gov/3k4jtCz
https://x.com/NASAhistory/status/1612871902162190336

[Orionid]

25.12.1973 po raz pierwszy Boże Narodzenie było obchodzone na stacji kosmicznej.
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/1738243016836436065

Christmas crafts reach new heights!
50 years ago, the Skylab 4 astronauts built a Christmas tree from food cans, topped it with a cardboard cutout of a comet, and hung their socks with care on the wall nearby. #Skylab50
More about their celebration 🎄 https://go.nasa.gov/3GQyfVr

2) 25.12.1973 astronauci misji Skylab 4, Bill Pogue i Gerry Carr, przeprowadzili jedyny amerykański spacer kosmiczny w Boże Narodzenie.
Był to drugi z 4. spacerów kosmicznych podczas tej misji.
Jednym z zadań EVA było fotografowanie komety Kohoutka.
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1738977441266253922

25 December 1973. Skylab 4 astronauts Bill Pogue and Gerry Carr conducted the only spacewalk by U.S. astronauts on Christmas Day. One mission objective was to photograph Comet Kohoutek on this, the second of four spacewalks for the mission.

50 Years Ago: Skylab 4 Astronauts Push Past the One-Month Mark
John Uri Johnson Space Center DEC 18, 2023

(...) For only the second time, American astronauts celebrated Christmas in space. On the first occasion five years earlier, Apollo 8 astronauts observed Christmas as the first crew to orbit the Moon. In the more spacious Skylab workshop, and with more time to prepare, Carr, Gibson, and Pogue built a makeshift Christmas tree by repurposing food cans, used colored decals as decorations, and topped it with a cardboard cutout in the shape of a comet. They hung stockings on the wall beneath the tree and sent holiday greetings to people on the ground.

The main task on Christmas Day involved the mission’s second spacewalk. Carr and Pogue spent 7 hours and 1 minute outside the space station, then a record for Earth orbital spacewalks. In addition to replacing film cartridges in the ATM, they repaired a stuck filter wheel on an ATM instrument, and used an ultraviolet camera to photograph Comet Kohoutek. Once back inside the station, they enjoyed a Christmas dinner complete with fruitcake, talked to their families, and opened presents from the astronauts’ wives that the ground crew at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida had hidden in lockers in the Command Module. (...)
https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-skylab-4-astronauts-push-past-the-one-month-mark/
https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/skylab-4-imaged-comet-kohoutek-during.html


3) 13.12.1973 załoga już była w stanie dokonać obserwacji komety Kohoutka i przygotowywała się do jej szczegółowszego badania.
Obserwacje, które zaowocowały rysunkami i zdjęciami rozpoczęły się 18.12.1973.

13 décembre 1973
Il y a 50 ans, l'équipage de Skylab 4 se prépare pour observer la comète Kohoutek depuis leur station.
Ce 13 décembre, il l'aperçoive...
Les véritables observations (dessins et photos) vont commencer le 18 déc.
(enveloppe signée Luboš Kohoutek)

[Orionid]

28.12.1973 Luboš Kohoutek odwiedził JSC.
Teleskop umieszczony na stacji Skylab znacząco zwiększył wysiłki zmierzające do dokonania pomiarów wszystkich możliwych aspektów komety.
W tamtym czasie była to najlepiej zbadana kometa.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lubo%C5%A1_Kohoutek_speaks_to_Skylab_astronauts.jpg

https://skynews.ca/kohoutek-fiasco/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/kohoutek-comet-of-the-century-failed-to-impress-but-it-wasnt-such-a-disaster-after-all-180983330/
https://history.nasa.gov/SP-404/ch4.htm

28 décembre 1973
Il y a 50 ans...

https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1740270607709651429