JY'J' Kim - 05.02.1984

[Orionid]

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Ćwiczenie w symulatorze umiejętności pilotażu robotów i przechwytywania statku kosmicznego.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 9:56 PM · Jan 31, 2025
T+38 (10.4.23): There are basically two ways for a space vehicle to get connected to the space station. One of them is called docking, and that's when the space vehicle manually or automatically docks directly to an available port on the space station (examples are the SpaceX Dragon and Soyuz vehicles). The other way is called berthing, and that is when the vehicle holds a position near the space station and operators manually pilot a robotic arm (on ISS it's the Canada Arm) to capture the spacecraft and maneuver it to the attachment site.

On this particular day, I got to work with the legendary Tux to brush off my robotic piloting skills to capture spacecraft in our simulator. This particular simulator is pretty cool, it is dome-shaped and feels very immersive. In addition to piloting the robotic arm, we must be able to recognize unsafe situations and respond to off-nominal situations to keep everyone safe. It's days like these I get to tell my mom that all those video games eventually came in handy! Shoutout to Tux for his years of service in making safe robotic operators!

[Orionid]

Trening w zakresie używania narzędzi podczas EVA.

Do ich umocowania służy zamocowana w okolicy klatki piersiowej na skafandrze mini-stacja robocza MWS (mini-workstation) z wieloma miejscami do mocowania narzędzi, a także punkty połączenia, aby połączyć ramiona wahaczy i  pas bezpieczeństwa BRT (body restraint tether).
Całość stanowi zintegrowana uprząż narzędziowa z pasem narzędziowym.
BRT jest podłączony do MWS i ma duże szczęki na końcu, które można przymocować do różnych rzeczy, takich jak poręcze.

To narzędzie jest zaprojektowane w formie stosu kulek, które pozostaje elastyczne po poluzowaniu, ale usztywnia się po dokręceniu, umożliwiając astronautom pozostanie połączonym, sprawiając jednocześnie, ze astronauta ma wolne ręce.

Najczęstszym zastosowaniem BRT jest przymocowywanie dużych obiektów, aby astronauci mogli przemieszczać się bez konieczności trzymania się obiektu lub łączenie astronauty ze stacją i usztywnianie, aby astronauta pozostawał w statycznej pozycji w miejscu pracy.
BRT działa wtedy jak trzecia ręka.

Jonny Kim@JonnyKimUSA 7:09 PM · Feb 1, 2025
T+39 (10.5.23): If you like tools, you'll love the EVA hardware at NASA. Our engineers have devised tools to accommodate almost every conceivable use case. The key word is "almost," because we still find edge cases where a tool does not yet exist to fit a particular function (e.g., new tools were created relatively recently for repairing and upgrading the alpha-magnetic spectrometer). Luckily, we have fantastic engineers who constantly build and iterate.

This day was all about reviewing EVA tools that a spacewalker might encounter on an EVA (spacewalk). There are too many to cover, but I'll summarize the bread-and-butter tools.

All tools need a solid foundation to rest on, and that's where the mini-workstation, called MWS for short, comes in. It connects to the suit around the chest area and has multiple tether points to tether tools to, as well as connection points to connect swing arms and our trusty body restraint tether (BRT). Think of it as a tool harness and tool belt in one.

Next is the BRT, which is connected to the MWS and has large jaws at the end that can connect to various things like handrails. This tool is designed in a ball stack fashion that remains flexible when loosened but rigidized when tightened, allowing spacewalkers to stay connected while hands-free. The most common use of the BRT is to attach large objects so spacewalkers can translate without having to hold onto the object or to connect spacewalkers to the station and rigidize so the astro remains in a static position in their worksite. You can imagine if you need both hands to manipulate tools at your worksite, but one hand is tied up holding on to the space station, a BRT acts like a 3rd arm.

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885755807414808756

[Orionid]

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Linka bezpieczeństwa jest liną ratunkową, jeśli z jakiegokolwiek powodu astronauta odłączy się od stacji.

Haki bezpieczeństwa wymagają celowej manipulacji dłonią, aby je uruchomić.
Duży hak w dłoni astronauty nie otworzy się, jeśli nie zostaną wykonane określone operacje:
1) odblokowanie,
2) ściśnięcie łopatki
3) naciśnięcie spustu.
Jeśli którykolwiek z powyższych 3. warunków nie zostanie spełniony, hak się nie otworzy.
To znacznie utrudnia przypadkowe uruchomienie sprzętu ratunkowego.

Następnym mechanizmem jest przegubowy przenośny ogranicznik stóp APFR (articulating portable foot restraint).
Jest on podłączony do stacji kosmicznej w różnych miejscach.
APFR umożliwia zajęcie przez astronautę pozycji „stojącej” połączonego ze stacją z obiema rękami wolnymi.

Na ostatnim zdjęciu jest urządzenie do utrzymywania ładunku, który jest dużym pasem zapadkowym.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:23 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Next is the safety tether, arguably one of the most important pieces of gear we use. The safety tether is our lifeline, if for whatever reason we become detached from station, the safety tether will reel us back to its attachment point, which is usually near the airlock.

One cool NASA design that is hard to appreciate in the picture, is that our safety hooks require intentional hand manipulation to actuate. The large hook in my hand will not open unless it is 1) unlocked 2) paddles are squeezed and 3) the trigger is depressed. If any of the above 3 are not met, the hook will not open. This makes accidental actuation of lifesaving equipment much harder. This multi-step process to actuate life-saving equipment is a common theme in our design inventory.

Next is our articulating portable foot restraint (APFR), which you'll find connected to the space station at various places. If you ever see an astronaut in a static "standing" position connected to station with both hands-free, it's because they are in this APFR. Think of it like a standing plate that you snap your boots into to lock in place.

Last is pictured our payload retention device, basically a large tie-down ratchet strap. Not something that is commonly used, but I find it cool nonetheless because of how overbuilt it is.

[Orionid]

Chwytak pistoletowy PGT (pistol grip tool) służy po dokręcania i poluzowywania elementów trzymających.
Posiada programowalną funkcję ustawiania określonych poziomów momentu obrotowego.
Wyposażony jest w mini wyświetlacz, który zlicza liczbę obrotów i pokazuje ustawione wartości momentu obrotowego.

Skrzynka z narzędziami dostępnymi podczas EVA jest zainstalowana na zewnątrz stacji.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:32 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Last but not least, is our pistol grip tool (PGT), my favorite. Whenever we need to tighten or loosen bolts, we use a PGT. Its got a programmable function to set specific torque levels. There's a mini display that counts the number of turns, and shows set torque and running torque values.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:40 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Bonus - this is our EVA toolbox that permanently lives outside of the space station. It has various tool boards and carriers to house various equipment. It has a pretty cool function for the panels to slide out and rotate. The toolbox isn't used often from what I understand, but it's always there and has contingency tools in case spacewalkers need them.
Thanks to EVA instructor, Bridget Scheib for her encyclopedic knowledge of EVA tools!

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885760220502040985


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Skrzynka z narzędziami EVA, która na stałe jest zamontowana na zewnątrz ISS.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:40 PM · Feb 1, 2025
Bonus - this is our EVA toolbox that permanently lives outside of the space station. It has various tool boards and carriers to house various equipment. It has a pretty cool function for the panels to slide out and rotate. The toolbox isn't used often from what I understand, but it's always there and has contingency tools in case spacewalkers need them.

Thanks to EVA instructor, Bridget Scheib for her encyclopedic knowledge of EVA tools!

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Zapoznawanie się z obsługą włazów.

Przysposabianie żywności do jedzenia.
Najpierw podłącza się porcję żywności do dozownika wody pitnej, wybiera się objętość wody i naciska przycisk dozowania "gorącej" w przypadku gorącej wody lub przycisk z temperaturą  otoczenia w przypadku wody o temperaturze pokojowej.

Zapoznawanie się z wewnętrznym system kontroli termicznej ITCS (internal thermal control system).
Dużo ciepła jest generowane przez szafy systemowe i ładunki użyteczne wewnątrz ISS.
System ITCS bocznikuje obciążenia grzewcze z dala od szaf do interfejsu wymiennika ciepła podłączonego do zewnętrznego systemu sterowania termicznego ETCS (external thermal control system), który następnie odprowadza te obciążenia cieplne do grzejników na zewnątrz stacji.
Czasami zdarzają się wycieki, a kiedy do nich dochodzi, astronauci są szkoleni, aby być astrohydraulikami i pomagać w znajdowaniu wycieków i w razie potrzeby ominąć je za pomocą przewodów połączeniowych (bypass).

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 8:47 PM · Feb 1, 2025
T+40 (10.6.23): Hatch seals and locking mechanisms are important in a space environment. This day was a nice review of how to operate hatches and troubleshoot.

A lot of the food on the space station is created in the food lab at NASA Johnson Space Center with fresh ingredients, then freeze-dried into packages for our consumption. In the video, you'll see how straightforward it is to reconstitute our food. First connect your food to the potable water dispenser, select the volume of water, and push the "hot" dispense button for hot or ambient button for room temperature water.

Lastly, we went over the internal thermal control system (ITCS) on ISS. A lot of heat is generated by system racks and payloads inside the ISS. The ITCS system shunts heats loads away from the racks to the interface heat exchanger connected to the external thermal control system (ETCS) which then dissipates those heat loads to radiators outside the space station. But sometimes leaks happen, and when they do, astronauts are trained to be astro plumbers and help find leaks and bypass them with jumper hoses if necessary.

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1885777033931694139

[Orionid]

Trening z zastosowaniem trzeciej zasady dynamiki Newtona (dla każdego działania istnieje równa i przeciwna reakcja).
Dlatego przed przekazaniem jakichkolwiek ładunków na stację instruktorzy uczą myśleć o kierunku siły, którą astronauci przekazują i jak bezpiecznie na nią zareagować.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:42 PM · Feb 1, 2025
T+44 (10.10.23): Newton's third law of motion states for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. How is this relevant for a spacewalk? Well, per Newton if I try to drive a bolt clockwise into the space station, if I am not properly braced to counteract the force, I will start to spin counter-clockwise as part of the opposite reaction.

On Earth, we don't give much thought to our body position when operating tools like a power drill/driver or a torque wrench. After all, gravity is more than enough to plant our bodies to the ground and counteract typical forces we would impart into tools. But in space, it's important we understand the torque directions our bodies will have to react against in microgravity. So before imparting any loads into the station, our instructors train us to think of the direction of force we are imparting and how to safely react against it.

And while we have pretty unique tools on the station, you'll find many common terrestrial tools on the station as well, like these wrenches in my hand, being used to remove docking equipment from a hatch.

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1886126791531573713

[Orionid]

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Trening z używania bieżni nazywanej w skrócie „T2”, znaną również oficjalnie Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill, lub COLBERT.
Aby utrzymać astronautów do bieżni na stacji używają oni uprzęży przymocowanej do T2 za pomocą bungee.

Aby zapobiec wpływowi powtarzających się sił obciążeniowych podczas biegania na bieżni, które mogłyby nałożyć się na stację i wywołać niepożądane naprężenia mechaniczne w kluczowych elementach stacji lub nałożyć siły na eksperymenty naukowe wymagające środowiska mikrograwitacji inżynierowie NASA opracowali sposób na zminimalizowanie sił przekazywanych na stację za pomocą urządzenia zwanego systemem izolacji wibracji VIS (vibration isolation system).
Konstrukcja opiera się na wielu stopniach  sprężyn zorientowanych we wszystkich 3. osiach układu współrzędnych kartezjańskich (x, y, z).

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:57 PM · Feb 2, 2025
T+47 (10.13.23): Did you know that astronauts can "run" in microgravity? We have a beast of a treadmill we call "T2," also known officially as the Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill, or COLBERT (named after Stephen Colbert who won a NASA naming contest years ago). In addition to giving some normalcy to astronauts living in the space station, it is a great tool for cardiovascular and bone health.

But before we can use it on the station, we have to learn to use the terrestrial version. To keep us attached to the treadmill on station, we outfit ourselves with a harness attached to the T2 by bungees.

You can imagine the repetitive forces of running on a treadmill would impart a lot of loads into station that could induce unwanted mechanical stress into vital components of station, or impart forces into science experiments that require a microgravity environment (basically one of the biggest reasons we have a space station is to conduct microgravity experiments). So NASA engineers devised a clever way to minimize the forces imparted to station through a device called the vibration isolation system, or "VIS" for short. The design is based on multiple stages of springs oriented in all 3 axes of a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z axis) that work together to isolate the forces from a runner on the treadmill.  Watch longtime NASA engineer and instructor, Bob Tweedy, show us how one of the four corners of the VIS works.

One thing I imagine I'll miss once I'm on board station is taking hot showers after a run. The space version of showers involves no rinse shampoo and wet towels, but field showers are better than no shower!

[Orionid]

Powtarzalny schemat treningowy: studiuj/planuj, streszczaj, wykonuj, omawiaj.
Dużo pracy zespołowej za kulisami.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:03 AM · Feb 5, 2025
T+50 (10.16.23): Study/plan, brief, execute, debrief. We iterate this cycle for many operations at NASA, especially for spacewalks.

One of the more enjoyable things about our jobs is training for spacewalks because of how quickly we get to put into practice the things we learn in the classroom. It's also a great chance to work together, and this week I got to work with Japanese astronaut Kimiya-san. One of the things that is hard to appreciate is how much hard work and service is done behind the scenes - engineers, divers, instructors, techs, so many people work together so that Kimiya and I can have an awesome opportunity to hone our craft. Teamwork!

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898107865627336891

[Orionid]

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Trening na ewentualność pojawienia się pożaru.
Do jego gaszenia może służyć CO2, który znajduje się w pomarańczowych zbiornikach ciśnieniowych.

Jonny Kim@JonnyKimUSA 9:25 PM · Mar 7, 2025
T+51 (10.17.23): Fire is a very real concern for astronauts in space, which is why NASA focuses our fire response on protecting ourselves, detecting and isolating the source, and eliminating it. The instructors help us rehearse and debrief our communication and teamwork. Did you know that CO2 is one of the ways we extinguish fires? CO2 displaces oxygen which is one of the required elements for a fire. That's what is in the orange pressurized tanks.

[Orionid]

Opis działania EMU ("Extravehicular Mobility Unit").

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:05 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+58 (10.24.23): This man here is Regan Cheney, one of the coolest and absolutely the most knowledgeable instructors and engineers I have ever met regarding EVA systems. He's one of two EVA systems instructors (shoutout to Christian Vu) I have and is responsible for ensuring I understand how a spacesuit works to keep astronauts alive during a spacewalk.

Officially, the "Extravehicular Mobility Unit" or EMU for short. The design is decades old, but the design remains robust. In summary, it can support a 7 hour spacewalk assuming an average metabolic rate of 1,000 Btu/hr. To understand how a spacesuit keeps an astronaut alive during a spacewalk, let's step back and state the normal things a human needs. Oxygen, a way to remove CO2, thermal control, and an atmosphere are the big ones. The EMU takes care of all of these plus more (provides comms, radiation protection and other stuff). For my closed-circuit rebreather divers reading this, the following will sound familiar because a spacesuit is basically a closed-circuit rebreather with some more bells and whistles. Pure oxygen is provided by a highly pressurized tank. This same oxygen provides the atmosphere, or specifically, 4.3 psi which is about 1/3 the pressure on Earth. Astronauts breathe the 100% oxygen and breathe out a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the CO2 being a byproduct of metabolism. This air now has a mixture of O2 and CO2 and goes through a canister where a chemical reaction takes place that sequesters the CO2, leaving only pure O2 coming through the canister. The pure O2 recirculates and now gets breathed up by the astronaut again. The cooling and water pressure loops are a bit more complex, but basically the astronaut is the only thing generating heat (if you want to be super technical, some heat is generated by the exothermic chemical reaction of CO2 removal and the electrical components but that is negligible), and the EMU cooling system is water-based. Astronaut generates heat, which transfers to the water loops, which then offload the heat to a heat exchanger/sublimator. Sublimation is the conversion of a substance from a solid (in this case ice) to its gaseous state (water vapor) without becoming a liquid (how does that happen? see water phase diagram for more info). At a high level, water forms an ice layer on the sublimator and then becomes a gas due to the reduced pressure of space. This reaction removes heat from the EMU. Cool 🧊, right?

Trening Konserwacyjny.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:08 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+64 (10.30.23): Sometimes things break and sometimes things need regular maintenance. This day was dedicated to various troubleshooting and maintenance tasks inside the ISS airlock. We also reviewed closing hatches.
We don't close hatches too often but astronauts need to be able to close them quickly in an emergency.

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898405421792346572

[Orionid]

Procesor solanki służy do odzyskiwania wody z super skoncentrowanego moczu, co pomaga osiągnąć odzyskanie wody na poziomie 98%.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 5:30 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+71 (11.6.23): Water! It's very valuable in space, so we do everything to reclaim it. In addition to sometimes transferring large tanks of water, we also have to maintain our brine processor assembly.

What is the brine processor? You may already know, but the urine astronauts create is processed back into potable water. But not 100% of the urine can be reclaimed, a small amount of it remains as brine, basically super concentrated urine. This brine still has some water left in it, so the brine processor bakes/distills the brine to reclaim the water vapor, eeking just a little bit more water out of the brine, helping achieve 98% water recovery.

https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898447790432260576

[Orionid]

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Trening ze sprzętem wykorzystywanym podczas EVA.
Jednym z jego komponentów jest komputer, na którym działał symulator paneli słonecznych.
Wygląda jak Windows 95 ze stacją dyskietek 3,5 cala!

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 7:56 PM · Mar 8, 2025
T+72 (11.7.23): We trained with hardware we may see during a spacewalk. But I was most interested in the computer running the solar array simulator. It looked like Windows 95 and it even had a 3.5" floppy drive! You know you're a nerd when you get excited by a floppy drive 🤣

[Orionid]

Astronauta opanował procedury awaryjne jak np. prawidłowe zakładanie masek czy wykonywanie zabiegów.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 10:55 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+73 (11.8.23): All the emergency procedures astronauts are expected to execute at a moment's notice? For me, that is thanks to these two, Lydia and Emily, awesome instructors and NASA public servants. Lydia and Emily ensured I knew all of the emergency procedures by heart, and that includes everything from donning masks correctly to executing procedures. Lydia later moved on to become my chief training officer and I owe her and the rest of the team so much. They also made great visual theatrics (e.g., fake smoke) for our fire cases!

https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898677458750058834

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Pierwszy z 9. ocenianych działań EVA w NBL wymaganych do zakwalifikowania astronauty jako gotowego do EVA przed lotem kosmicznym.
Program nauczania jest skonstruowany tak, aby opierał się na podstawach i wystawiał astronautów na wystarczającą zmienność, aby dostosować się do dowolnej liczby nieznanych spacerów kosmicznych, które mogą być wymagane, co prowadzi do końcowej oceny na #5.
Trasy 6-9 są na ogół bardziej dostosowane do przygotowania astronautów do konkretnych spacerów kosmicznych, które mają się odbyć podczas ekspedycji.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:41 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+74 (11.9.23): This was the 1st of 9 evaluated NBL runs required to qualify an astronaut as EVA ready before a spaceflight. The syllabus is structured to build on the basics and expose astronauts to enough variability to adapt to any number of unknown spacewalks that may be required, leading to a final evaluation on #5. Runs 6-9 are generally more tailored to prep astronauts for the specific spacewalks that are expected to occur during the expedition.

This run is memorable for me not just for being the 1st run of the assignment, but for getting to work with my E73 crew mate, Anne McClain (@AstroAnnimal), CDR of crew-10. She's been a great mentor and friend, and has set an excellent example on professionalism and competence. I'll be lucky if we get to work together for a spacewalk during our expedition.

https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898685520575869207

[Orionid]

Astronauci dokonują wyboru wyposażenia osobistego z ponad rocznym wyprzedzeniem.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:09 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+80 (11.15.23): Imagine having to pack for a 6 month camping/field trip. That's kind of what it's like for a long-duration mission. A lot of NASA folks work hard to support the logistics required for a long space flight that you probably wouldn't think about. The smallest details have to be thought out months in advance in order for it to be ready for astronauts when they arrive. Stuff like what astronauts will wear, their toiletries, notebooks, even highlighters. Astronauts make their selections over a year in advance to ensure this stuff is ready on a space delivery vehicle.

https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898677458750058834

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Trening w operowaniu Canadarm2

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:50 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+81 (11.16.23): One of the cooler things we can do on orbit is pilot the Canada arm to capture free-flying vehicles. Will go into more technical details of this in a later post. This particular location is modeled after the cupola section of the ISS since that is where most robotic captures are piloted from.

https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898687735700873360

[Orionid]

Trening z używania EMU.
Składa się on z wielu elementów: rękawic, ramion, górnej i dolnej części tułowia, nóg, kasków, przekładek pierścieniowych itp.
Każdy komponent ma dostępne różne rozmiary.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 11:56 AM · Mar 9, 2025
T+82 (11.17.23): Astronauts come in all shapes and sizes. The EMU is comprised of multiple components: gloves, arms, upper and lower torsos, legs, helmets, ring spacers, etc. Each component has different sizes available. Here, Regan is teaching me how to resize the EMU to ensure a good fit for the astronaut going on a spacewalk, and how to inspect each component for safety.

https://x.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1898689300763435336

[Orionid]

Astronauta po miesiącu spędzonym na treningu w Star City wrócił do Houston.
Próby w NBL przed wejściem do wody.
Zapoznawanie się z uproszczoną pomocą w ratownictwie EVA (SAFER) i sposobem jej obsługi.
SAFER to w zasadzie "plecak odrzutowy", który znajduje się na plecach astronautów podczas EVA
W mało prawdopodobnym przypadku, gdy astronauta zostanie oddzielony od stacji kosmicznej podczas spaceru kosmicznego, SAFER pozwala astronaucie na powrót do stacji przy użyciu sprężonego azotu jako ciągu operacji wykonywanych w 6. potencjalnych stopniach swobody.
Kontroler ręczny do obsługi SAFER jest schowany w skrytce, do której można uzyskać dostęp po manipulowaniu uchwytem.

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:02 PM · Mar 9, 2025
T+134 (1.8.24): After a month in Star City training with my Soyuz MS-27 crew mates, I'm back in Houston.

We stack the chips for success as much as possible and that means rehearsing NBL runs before getting in the water, we call these "1G's." This time, I get to learn from experienced spacewalker, Stan Love.

Afterwards, Regan familiarizes me with the Simplified Aid for EVA rescue (SAFER) and how to operate it. SAFER is basically what people would picture as a "jetpack" that is on the back of astronauts during a spacewalk. In the unlikely event an astronaut is separated from the space station during a spacewalk, SAFER allows an astronaut to pilot themselves back to station using compressed nitrogen as thrust in 6 potential degrees of freedom. More on this later. The hand controller to operate SAFER is tucked away in a compartment that is accessible by manipulating a handle.

https://twitter.com/JonnyKimUSA/status/1899470226632179758

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Połowa EVA wykonywana jest w świetle dziennym.
W całym NBL są wyłączane wszystkie światła, żeby symulować pracę w ciemnościach.
Krótki film przedstawiający przejście między "nocą" a "dniem".

Jonny Kim @JonnyKimUSA 3:39 PM · Mar 11, 2025
T+136 (1.10.24): Did you know that the ISS orbits the Earth about every 90 minutes? This has the consequence of experiencing ~16 sunrises and sunsets per day, even during a spacewalk. Half a spacewalk is spent in daylight, the other half in darkness. For those who have worked in the field in low vis conditions, you know that night is a different animal.

A pretty cool training tool the NBL uses to expose this environment is to turn off all the lights in the building. This is no small feat, as there are a lot of people, including divers, that are working in the building to keep operations safe. Here's a short video of the transition between "night" and "day." Shoutout to our amazing NASA team working to bring fidelity to our training.