Zarja wystartowała Zgodnie z planem 20.11.1998 o 06:40:00,006 z kosmodromu Bajkonur wystartowała rakieta nośna Proton-K , która
umieściła na orbicie pierwszy moduł
Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej Zarja. W T+9min. 47s Zarja weszła
na orbitę o parametrach: 177x344 km , i=51,59° . Panele baterii słonecznych i anteny zostały rozłożone.
21.11. wykonano dwuimpulsową (2 i 20.6 m/s) , a 23.11. drugą dwuimpulsową korektę orbity (6.5 i 24 m/s),
w wyniku czego Zarja weszła na orbitę o parametrach: 311x384 km , i=51,6° .
24.11. wykonano ostatnią korektę w wyniku czego Zarja weszła na orbitę definitywną o parametrach:
383x397 km , i=51,6° .
http://lk.astronautilus.pl/n981116.htm#071998 November 20 - . 06:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K.
Zarya - . Payload: FGB 77KM s/n 175-01. Mass: 20,000 kg (44,000 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Manufacturer: Chelomei bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: ISS. Spacecraft: ISS Zarya. USAF Sat Cat: 25544 . COSPAR: 1998-067A. Apogee: 403 km (250 mi). Perigee: 374 km (232 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.30 min.
This was the first launch in the assembly of the International Space Station. The Zarya FGB was funded by NASA and built by Khrunichev in Moscow under subcontract from Boeing for NASA. Its design from the TKS military station resupply spacecraft of the 1970's and the later 77KS Mir modules. Zarya included a multiple docking adapter, a pressurised cabin section, and a propulsion/instrument section with a rear docking port. Initial orbit was 176 lm x 343 km x 51.6 degrees. By November 25 it had manoeuvred to a 383 km x 396 km x 51.7 degree orbit, awaiting the launch of Shuttle mission STS-88 which docked the Unity node to it.
http://www.astronautix.com/n/november20.htmlhttp://www.astronautix.com/i/isszarya.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160628190802/http://www.roscosmos.ru/303/Krótkie liczbowe podsumowanie 20-lecia startów w ramach projektu ISS:
Załogowe:wahadłowce: 37 (Endeavour: 12, Discovery: 13, Atlantis: 12)
Sojuzy: 56 (w tym 1 niepowodzenie; wersje Sojuzów: TM: 4 ,TMA: 22, TMA M: 20, MS: 10)
Bezzałogowe:Rosyjskie starty z modułami: 2 (Zarja i Zwiezda)
Progressy: 73 ( w tym 2 loty z modułami: Pirs i Poisk; 3 niepowodzenia)
ATV: 5
HTV: 7
Dragon: 16 (w tym 1 niepowodzenie)
Cygnus: 11 (w tym 1 niepowodzenie)
W sumie w omawianym okresie nastąpiły
93 starty załogowe i
114 bezzałogowe (Razem
207, w tym 6 niepowodzeń).
Poza tym ISS odwiedziło 232 astronautów podczas 405 lotów.
Okolicznościowe przemówienie prezydenta Rosji W.W.Putina:
Роскосмос.Президент России В.В.Путин поздравил представителей мировой космонавтики с 20-летием МКС19.11.2018 11:15
Президент Российской Федерации Владимир Владимирович Путин направил в адрес Госкорпорации «Роскосмос» телеграмму, в которой поздравил участников Научно-практической конференции «Космонавтика: открытое пространство международного сотрудничества и развития», которая сейчас проходит в Центре «Космонавтика и авиация» на ВДНХ и приурочена к 20-летию Международной космической станции (МКС). Текст поздравления зачитал Генеральный директор Госкорпорации «Роскосмос» Дмитрий Рогозин.
Дорогие друзья!
Приветствую участников и гостей Международной научно-практической конференции «Космонавтика: открытое пространство международного сотрудничества и развития», приуроченной к 20-летию создания МКС.
Запущенная на орбиту в 1998 году, Международная космическая станция объединила передовые достижения инженерно-технической мысли и перспективные технологии наиболее развитых стран — России, США, ведущих европейских держав — членов Европейского космического агентства, Канады и Японии. Стала по-настоящему глобальным проектом. Убедительно доказала, что, несмотря на политические противоречия, экономические трудности и социальные перемены, мы можем эффективно и слаженно трудиться, преодолевать сложности и находить компромиссы.
С удовлетворением отмечу, что за прошедшие годы был приобретён уникальный опыт сотрудничества при строительстве станции, подготовке и деятельности международных экипажей, в согласовании широкого спектра вопросов, связанных с безопасностью и надёжностью её эксплуатации. На МКС побывали представители 18 государств, которые провели целый ряд исследований, имеющих большое значение для развития космонавтики, ключевых отраслей мировой экономики, науки, медицины.
Сегодня, для того чтобы идти вперёд, необходимо в полной мере использовать научно-технологический задел МКС для реализации новых масштабных научно-исследовательских программ изучения и освоения космического пространства. Особенно — дальнего космоса и пилотируемой космонавтики.
Уверен, что высказанные в ходе Конференции идеи послужат совершенствованию национальной космонавтики и укреплению международного сотрудничества.
Желаю вам плодотворной работы.
Президент Российской Федерации
Владимир Владимирович Путин
https://www.roscosmos.ru/25741/20 Years Ago, Space Station Construction BeginsNov. 20, 2018
The largest and most complex international construction project in space began on the steppes of Kazakhstan 20 years ago today. Atop its Proton rocket, on Nov. 20, 1998, the Zarya Functional Cargo Block (FGB) thundered off its launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome into cold wintry skies. Zarya was built by the Khrunichev in Moscow and served as a temporary control module for the nascent ISS. Nine minutes later, Zarya was in orbit and began unfurling its antennas and solar panels, seemingly coming alive in the airless environment of low Earth orbit. The launch of the first element of the International Space Station (ISS) kicked off an incredible journey of orbital assembly, operations, and science.
The ISS Program can trace its roots back to 1984, when President Ronald W. Reagan proposed that the United Stated develop an Earth orbiting space station. The United States invited Canada, Japan, and the European Space Agency (ESA) to join the project in 1988, and five years later President Bill Clinton invited Russia to join the partnership. Russia not only brought its many years of experience with long-duration human space flight to the program but also modules for the planned Mir 2 space station. Former adversaries on Earth were now working together to build the largest laboratory in space.
Left: Launch of the Zarya Functional Cargo Block from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Right: Launch of Space Shuttle
Endeavour from the Kennedy Space Center on the STS-88 mission to deliver the Unity Node 1 module.On Dec. 4, Space Shuttle Endeavour on the STS-88 mission roared off Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, carrying the Unity Node 1 module in its cargo bay. Built by The Boeing Corporation at a facility at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, Unity was the first American component of the ISS. Two days after launch, Endeavour and her six-person crew rendezvoused with Zarya, and using the Shuttle’s robotic arm, captured the Russian module and mated it with Unity. Designed and built by engineers thousands of miles apart and never joined together on Earth, the first two modules of the ISS fit perfectly together when they met in space. The STS-88 crew spent the next few days making connections between the two modules before releasing the newly formed but still embryonic ISS. This marked the first step in the assembly of the ISS, which continued for 13 years.
Left: Zarya as seen from the approaching Space Shuttle Atlantis during the STS-88 mission. Right: Zarya has been
mated with Unity in the Shuttle’s cargo bay and astronauts are outside making connections between the two modules.By late 2000, the ISS was ready to receive its first long-duration residents. On October 31, the Expedition 1 crew of William M. Shepard, Sergey K. Krikalev, and Yuri P. Gidzenko blasted off from Baikonur and docked with ISS two days later. Since that day, international teams of astronauts and cosmonauts have kept the ISS permanently occupied, performing the routine operations and maintenance on the station including dozens of spacewalks and conducting research in a wide array of scientific disciplines.
Left: The first two segments of ISS after release from Space Shuttle Atlantis – Unity Node 1 at left and Zarya Functional Cargo Block at right. Assembly of ISS is underway! Right: The first crew to work and live aboard ISS (left to right) Flight Engineer Sergey Krikalev, Commander William Shepard, and Flight Engineer Yuri Gidzenko.Today, the ISS is the largest space vehicle ever built and a unique laboratory for conducting research in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Including its solar arrays, it is as large as a football field. The habitable volume in its various international modules is larger than a six-bedroom house. Since November 2000, more than 230 individuals from 18 countries have visited the ISS. As a laboratory, the ISS has hosted more than 2,500 scientific investigations from more than 100 countries.
The International Space Station as it appears in 2018. Zarya is visible at the center of the complex, identifiable by
its partially retracted solar arrays.Relive the launch of Zarya as narrated by JSC PAO Rob Navias.
For more on the ISS, visit
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.htmlTo see the ISS fly overhead from where you live or work, visit
https://spotthestation.nasa.gov/Last Updated: Nov. 21, 2018
Editor: Kelli Mars
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/20-years-ago-iss-construction-beginshttps://www.forum.kosmonauta.net/index.php?topic=3104.msg124730#msg124730Artykuły astronautycznehttps://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/zarya-module/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarya_(ISS_module)https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaria_(modu%C5%82_Mi%C4%99dzynarodowej_Stacji_Kosmicznej)CM (FGB, Zarya, 77KM)
https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/cm.htmEDIT 20.11.2023
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/172632137364613156120 November 1998. Zarya (Dawn), the first module of the International Space Station, was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81 in Kazakhstan.
https://twitter.com/ron_eisele/status/1726321440662987121Ce 20 novembre 1998... il y a exactement 25 ans débutait la construction de la Station Spatiale Internationale avec le lancement du premier module : le module russe Zarya.
Replongez vous dans cette aventure avec cet article (que j'ai mis à jour) http://spacerelics.blogspot.com/2013/11/15eme-anniversaire-du-debut-de-la.html
https://x.com/spacemen1969/status/1726497604312395987https://twitter.com/spacemen1969/status/1726498862100042089https://twitter.com/Space_Station/status/1724833225070018662In space, on Earth, teams unite to accomplish orbital milestones!
“Spaceflight is a team sport,” says @NASA_Astronauts Josh Cassada. Teamwork is more than a catchphrase for the space station, it is the key to accomplishment in research and 25 years of discovery in Earth orbit.
https://twitter.com/NASAhistory/status/172662016853555631125 years ago today, the first piece of the International @Space_Station, the Zarya module, was launched into Earth orbit.
As we celebrate the 25th anniversary of ISS construction over the coming weeks, you can read the whole history: https://go.nasa.gov/47cAiyA
https://twitter.com/airandspace/status/1726678630586093756